EdData II: Data for Education Research and Programming (derp) in Africa


Annex D. Exploring language goals in relation to LOI



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Toolkit Planning for Language Use in Education Global 08 2015

Annex D. Exploring language goals in relation to LOI 
planning
Table D1
represents one approach (Benson, 2009) to assessing the goals of the education system 
vis-à-vis the language context and skills of those involved in providing and supporting education.
The hypothetical example presented in the table is common in many low-income country 
contexts such as those in sub-Saharan Africa, where learners speak an L1 at home but must learn 
in an L2/Lx/foreign language at school. Children typically enter school with high oral skills in 
the L1 but little or no prior exposure to the L2, yet the goal of the national education policy is for 
learners to quickly reach high levels of oral and written proficiency in L2, and little emphasis is 
placed on building a strong foundation in the L1. As a result, learners cannot gain the high levels 
of proficiency demanded by education policy or curricula, since they have little or no exposure to 
the L2 outside of school. Moreover, their teachers and school directors may have limited 
proficiency in the L2 themselves, and they often lack knowledge of appropriate pedagogical 
approaches to teaching the L2 as a subject. In this situation, use of the L2 as a medium of 
instruction will not result in anyone learning the L2 well. Instead, learners’ (and teachers’) L1s 
should be used to teach literacy and academic content, and other strategies should be found (such 
as using specialist teachers) to teach the L2 appropriately.
Table D1. 
Education goals vis-à-vis linguistic proficiency in context
 
L1
proficiency 
L2/Lx/FL proficiency 
Listening/ 
Speaking 
Reading/ 
Writing 
Listening/ 
Speaking 
Reading/ 
Writing 
Learners entering school 
High 
--- 
--- 
--- 

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