Confiscation of instrumentalities and proceeds of corruption crimes in Eastern Europe and Central Asia



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OECD-Confiscation-of-Proceeds-of-Corruption-Crimes-ENG

 
II. ACRONYMS 
ACN 
OECD Anti-Corruption Network for Eastern Europe and Central Asia 
CC 
Criminal Code 
CE 
Council of Europe 
CPC 
Civil Procedure Code 
FATF 
Financial Action Task Force 
GRECO 
Group of States against Corruption 
EU 
European Union 
IAP 
Istanbul Anti-Corruption Action Plan
OECD 
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 
UN 
United Nations 
UN Convention 
UN Convention against Corruption 
WGB 
OECD Work Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions 



 
III. ABOUT THE THEMATIC STUDY 
Criminal prosecution is the key tool for tackling corruption. While preventing corruption has become an 
important focus in international and national policy-making, criminal prosecution remains essential for 
curbing corruption. The mere existence of effective criminal law instruments to detect, investigate, prosecute 
and adjudicate corruption-related offences serves as powerful deterrent to malfeasance. Inevitability of 
criminal sanctions for committed corruption offences is a crucial element of anti-corruption policy for any 
country determined to combat corruption. 
Many issues related to criminal law responses to corruption have been well studied at the national and 
international level. However, there are certain areas that pose problems for policy-makers, law enforcement 
practitioners, judges, academics and other stakeholders. By adhering to various international anti-corruption 
instruments (e.g. UN Convention, Council of Europe conventions, OECD Anti-Corruption Convention), the 
countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia have committed themselves to introduce in their law and 
practice a number of corruption-related offences and a number of criminal law instruments that enable to 
investigate and prosecute corruption. 
The countries in the region have implemented numerous reforms related to the criminalisation of corruption, 
but conservative legal traditions and practical difficulties often impede full compliance and effective 
enforcement. In many cases, offences introduced in the law are not enforced for various reasons such as the 
lack of political will, insufficient guidance and training, and poor resources. In addition, corruption schemes 
are becoming more sophisticated and often involve commission of criminal acts in multiple jurisdictions. 
This makes practical enforcement of criminal legislation more challenging for law enforcement and 
prosecution agencies.
This thematic study on the confiscation of instrumentalities and proceeds of corruption offences builds on 
three studies already published by the ACN: Liability of Legal Persons for Corruption in Eastern Europe and 
Central Asia;,
Foreign Bribery Offence and its Enforcement in Eastern Europe and Central Asia; and, 
International Co-operation in Corruption Cases in Eastern Europe and Central Asia.
1
The study (1) analyses the state of play in the relevant areas to identify best practices and common problems 
(in particular, by using country case studies ) and to develop regional recommendations; and (2) identifies 
the capacity building and training needs of law enforcement authorities and the judiciary.
The findings of the study may indicate areas where the expertise and capacity of public officials and 
institutions need to be strengthened. Depending on available funds, technical peer-learning seminars may be 
organised to provide training to law enforcement practitioners, judges, policy-makers and to promote the use 
of best practices on selected topics. 
This study was prepared by Mr. Vitaliy Kasko (OECD consultant, Ukraine) and co-ordinated by Mr. Dmytro 
Kotlyar (OECD consultant, OECD/ACN Secretariat). The English version is a translation of the original text 
in Russian. 
The study is based on the desk research of publicly available materials and information provided by ACN 
governments, in particular responses to a questionnaire and follow-up questions. In order to verify the 
information and validate the findings, the draft study was discussed during a meeting of the ACN Law 
Enforcement Network held on 25-27 October 2017 in Baku, Azerbaijan. The study was finalised based on 
these discussions and also takes into account a further round of comments from ACN countries. The final 
study was presented to the ACN Plenary Meeting in July 2018 in Paris and cleared for publication by the 
OECD.
1
Available at 
http://www.oecd.org/corruption/acn/lawenforcement
.




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