Compiled by an English supervisor and grammar expert A’zamjon sobitov #modal verbs

1. Ought + to + V hozirgi va kelasi zamondagi axloqiy burch yoki maslahatni ifodalaydi:
He ought to help his friend.
U do‘stiga yordam berishi kerak.
You ought to be more careful.
Siz sal ehtiyotkorroq bo‘lishingiz kerak.
2. Ought + to + have + P.P. o‘tgan zamonga taalluqli bo‘lib, biror kishi burchini bajarmaganda yoki nomunosib hatti-harakat qilganda, unga nisbatan tanbeh va ta’na ma’nosida ishlatiladi:
You ought to have done it yesterday.
Siz buni kecha qilishingiz kerak edi.
He ought to have sent that cable.
U o‘sha telegrammani jo‘natishi kerak edi.

***NEED modal fe’li

1. Need + V biror ish-harakatning bajarilishi zarurligini bildiradi va kerak deb tarjima qilinadi. Bu modal fe’l faqat Simple Presentning so‘roq va bo‘lishsiz shakllarida ishlatiladi:
Need he come here?
U bu yerga kelishi kerakmi?
You needn’t come so early.
Siz bunchalik erta kelishingiz kerak emas.
Izoh: Need bilan boshlangan so‘roq gaplarning bo‘lishli javobida must bilan javob beriladi:
— Need I go there at once?
— U yerga darhol borishim kerakmi?
— Yes, you must.
— Ha, kerak.
Aksincha, must bilan boshlangan so‘roq gaplarning bo‘lishsiz javobida needn’t bilan javob beriladi:
— Must I go there at once?
— Men u yerga darhol borishim kerakmi?
— No, you needn’t.
— Yo‘q, kerak emas.
2. Need not (needn’t) + have + P.P. o‘tgan zamonda sodir bo‘lgan, lekin shu ish-harakatni bajarish zarurati bo‘lmaganda ishlatiladi:
You needn’t have come so early.
Siz bunchalik erta kelmasangiz ham bo‘lar edi.
3. Need fe’li asosiy fe’l bo‘lib keladi va kerak deb tarjima qilinib, boshqa asosiy fe’llar kabi hozirgi, o‘tgan va kelasi zamonlarda tuslanadi:
You need a long rest.
Siz uzoq dam olishingiz kerak.
I don’t need your book any longer.
Endi menga sizning kitobingiz kerak emas.
Does he need my help?
Unga mening yordamim kerakmi?
We needed the dictionary badly.
Bizga lug‘at juda ham kerak bo‘ldi.
I’ll need your advice.
Menga sizning maslahatingiz kerak bo‘ladi.