Compiled by an English supervisor and grammar expert A’zamjon sobitov #modal verbs

Izoh: Mustning bo‘lishsiz shakli must not modal fe’l mayning ma’nosiga teskari bo‘lgan taqiqlashni ifodalaydi:
— May I do it? — No, you mustn’t.
Buni qilsam mumkinmi? — Yo‘q, mumkin emas.
Mustga teskari bo‘lgan ma’noda needn’t kerak emas ishlatiladi:
He needn’t go there.
Unga u yerga borish kerak emas.
You needn’t do it.
Siz buni qilishingiz shart emas.
Shunday qilib Must I go there? So‘roq gapiga quyidagicha javob berish mumkin:
Yes, you must. No, you needn’t.
2. Ma’lum bir kuch ta’siridagi zaruratni have + to + V ham ifodalaydi, lekin bu birikma buyruq va maslahatni ifodalash uchun ishlatilmaydi:
I must do it now. = I have to do it now.
Men buni hozir qilishim kerak.
He must go there tomorrow. = He has to go there tomorrow.
U u yerga ertaga borishi kerak.
O‘tgan zamondagi zaruratni ifodalshda had + to + V, kelasi zamonda ko‘pincha shall (will) have + to + V ishlatiladi:
I had to go there.
Men u yerga borishga majbur bo‘ldim.
I shall have to do it.
Men buni qilishim kerak bo‘ladi.
3. Must gapiruvchi to‘g‘ri deb o‘ylagan taxminni ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi. Hozirgi zamondagi taxminni ifodalash uchun must + V, o‘tgan zamondagi taxminni ifodalash uchun must + have + P.P. ishlatiladi:
He must know her address.
U uning manzilini bilishi kerak.
He must be in the library now.
U hozir kutubxonada bo‘lishi kerak.
Where is he? – He must be walking in the garden.
U qayerda? — U bog‘da sayr qilayotgan bo‘lishi kerak.
They must have forgotten to send us a copy of the telegram with their letter.
Ular xat bilan telegrammaning ko‘chirmasini yuborishni unutgan bo‘lishsa kerak.
The cases must have been damaged during the unloading of the vessel.
Qutilar kemaning yuki tushirilayotganda shikastlangan bo‘lishi kerak.

***OUGHT TO modal fe’li