2. Somatic Experiencing
When kids face adversity and trauma, they employ defensive fight-or-flight
strategies or go into a “freeze” state, where they have little sense of what they
are feeling in their body. In working with patients who have faced childhood
adversity and trauma, psychologists try to bring their feelings back online at a
pace that’s comfortable for them, so that they can recognize and manage what
they are feeling. One of the best ways to achieve this is through a therapeutic
practice known as Somatic Experiencing, or SE—which helps you to focus on
the sensations you perceive in your body.
Somatic Experiencing was developed by Peter A. Levine, PhD, director of the
Somatic Experiencing Trauma Institute. He noticed that animals in the wild
rebound from life-threatening situations after being immobilized by fear. When
that threat passes, they spontaneously discharge all the physical tension they had
been holding inside during that fight, flight, or freeze state by involuntarily
shaking or trembling. This physical expenditure of energy, this release, triggers a
reset in their breathing pattern so that they begin to breathe more deeply again,
which resets their autonomic nervous system back to normal, restoring their
body to a state of equilibrium. They come back to center. The fear is gone, and
so is all the excess energy that came from holding that fear and tension inside
their body. They can move on.
Somatic Experiencing allows us a safe way to discharge all the emotions and
sensations we’ve stored during traumatic events so that we can begin to heal.
Trained practitioners utilize Somatic Experiencing to help alleviate the
symptoms of mental and physical trauma-related health problems, including
those that stem from Post Childhood Adversity Syndrome, developmental
trauma, shock trauma, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
Clients aren’t asked to talk about their traumatic experiences—but to learn
about how the body regulates stress and to take note of their physical sensations,
to tune in to them and see what feelings, thoughts, and images arise. Slowly, in
an environment of safety, individuals learn to experience small amounts of that
original distress and release that stored energy, which in turn allows their
nervous system to return to balance. Over time, more and more of an
individual’s most difficult emotions can begin to surface safely.
In order to handle the physical sensations and memories that arise, individuals
learn a process called “pendulation.” They establish a “safe place” in their mind
—a touch point that they can go to anytime to feel secure. This might be the
memory of someone close to them or a benefactor who helped them, or a safe
place they’ve been to or imagined, often in nature. Or they might simply hold an
object that helps to ground them in the present moment.
Clients pendulate back and forth between their safe place and the more
difficult physical sensations and emotions that arise from past adversity and
trauma; they learn to safely face and discharge that early stress so that their
nervous system can return to a balanced state. Levine calls this “the rhythm of
contraction and extraction.”
Pendulating also soothes while discharging that state of stress-reactive
arousal. You might discharge your traumatic sensations in tears or sobbing, even
shaking, before you come back to your safe place and arrive in a moment where
you can breathe easily again—a key sign that your autonomic nervous system is
calming down and healing.
As you learn to do this, you increase your zone of tolerance so that you can
handle a little more wobble in your life.
For Georgia, who grew up with a controlling mother and an angry father, and
was so sensitive she picked up on tension in her home “before arguments even
happened,” somatic experiencing allowed her to move to a new level of healing
despite the trauma of her early life with her parents, her chronic health problems,
and the trauma of multiple back surgeries. “I needed what I thought of as an
‘emotional rehab’ plan. I either had to get on a journey of healing or just fold it
all up.”
Georgia began with mindfulness meditation, which had a powerful effect, but
she also needed one-on-one guidance to help her reconnect with her body and
her emotions, so she began Somatic Experiencing Therapy. Once a week, for
more than a year, Georgia met with an SE therapist. She says, “My therapist
helped me to realize how my body makes its noise. There were times when my
therapist would look at a subtle reaction I wasn’t even aware I was having and
ask me, ‘What just happened?’ If I said, ‘I don’t know what you mean,’ she’d
ask me to pause. I’d realize that I was holding back tears. When I said, ‘I feel
sad,’ she’d ask me, ‘Where?’ My sadness often started with a sharp pain under
my shoulder blade. If I didn’t allow the grief to be there and let it come up—
usually in tears—the pain would radiate way down my back. It wouldn’t go
away if I didn’t listen to it.” Other times, Georgia felt discomfort in her stomach
and abdominal area. Her therapist helped her to focus her attention on the
physical and emotional pain she was holding on to so tightly in the core of her
body.
Georgia uses the skills she learned through somatic experiencing in her day-
to-day life to help her to manage her emotional pain and physical illness. “If my
emotions are very intense, I deal with them in small steps, finding a place of
comfort, and then dealing with whatever feels painful a little bit more.
“If I feel sad, I start to tune in and have a conversation with my body, and ask
it what it needs. I’ve learned to listen to the pain in my shoulder, or my GI
symptoms—my ‘gut feelings’—when the sensation starts, rather than wait until
it knocks me off my feet.”
She’s also learned how to self-soothe throughout her day. “When you have
been on the achievement superhighway all of your life, it’s difficult to step back,
even when you are in pain, and create moments of comfort for yourself. But I’m
learning the art of comfort, caring enough about myself to take a moment to sit
on the front porch in the sun with a cup of tea, to go on the walk I’ve been
meaning to take all day, or just lie down and enjoy the wash of good pleasure
hormones that come with snuggling with my rescue mutt.”
Georgia has learned “to use my voice to speak so that my body doesn’t have
to.” She’s also been able to establish boundaries with her narcissistic mother and
tell her, “I need you to stop.” She’s moved away from toxic relationships and
friendships. “I’ve learned, by listening to my body, what people, interactions,
and pressures make me reexperience that old, toxic sense of survival-based
arousal.”
Somatic experiencing helps someone who has experienced trauma to slow
down, experience painful sensations comfortably, and to tolerate feelings
without getting overwhelmed by them. When you feel safe enough to be aware
of your feeling state, you can regulate your emotions and actions.
Somatic exercises also help you to recognize when you’re primed to erupt
with anger or anxiety, overreact, lose your cool, and say and do things you don’t
mean. You can learn to “hear” the signs that you are on your edge: exhibited by
muscle tension, a “pain in the neck,” forgetting to breathe, pain, numbness,
bodily discomfort, or fluish fatigue. You learn to pause and center yourself
before you react in ways you might later regret.
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