Kalit so‘zlar:
already – allaqachon, just – hozirgina, recently – yaqinda va hokazo
(Bu kalit so‘zlar ish-harakatning aniq vaqtini ko ‘rsatmaydi, balki noaniq, mavhum bir vaqtga ishora qiladi.)
Masalan:
He has just arrived. – U hozirgina yetib keldi.
They have recently bought a new car. – Ular yaqinda yangi mashina sotib olishdi.
Present Perfect zamonida hali tugamagan vaqt oralig‘ini bildiradigan so‘zlar ishlatilishi mumkin:
today – bugun. this morning – bugun ertalab (agar hali ertalab tugamagan, ya’ni hali tush payti kirmagan bo‘lsa), this week – bu hafta, this year – bu yil va hokazo
Masalan:
I have seen him today. – Men uni bugun ko‘rdim.
We have been to Charvak this week – Biz bu hafta Chorvoqqa borib keldik.
Present Perfect zamonida ish-harakat bir marta yoki bir necha marta amalga oshgan bo‘lishi mumkin (ish-harakatning necha marta takrorlanligi aniq aytilishi yoki aniq aytilmasligi mumkin):
I have won. – Men yutdim.
I have won him in tennis several times. – Men uni tennisda bir necha merta yutganman.
I have read “Tom Sawyer” three times. – Men “Tom Soyyer” asarini uch marta o‘qiganman.
Bunda “sometimes” (ba’zan), “often” (tez-tez), “occasionally” (har zamonda) singari kalut so‘zlar ham ishlatilishi mumkin.
Masalan:
I have sometimes thought of doing Master’s degree. – Men ba’zan magistraturada o‘qish haqida o‘ylab qolardim.
He has often visited us in our new house. – U tez-tez bizni yangi uyimizda ko‘rishga kelib turgan.
“This is the first (second/third …) time …” (Bu birinchi /ikkinchi/uchinchi …/ marta) strukturasi bilan ham Present Perfect zamoni ishlatiladi.
Masalan:
This is the first time I have eaten sushi. – Birinchi marta sushi eb ko‘rishim.
This is the second time we have visited Khiva. – Xivaga ikkinchi marta kelishimiz.
“This is the best / worst …” (Bu eng yaxshi / yomon …) strukturasi bilan ham Present Perfect zamoni ishlatiladi.
Masalan:
This is the best cup of coffee I have ever tried. – Bu shu paytgacha ichib ko‘rgan kofelarimning ichida eng yaxshisi.
Bunda “ever”, “never” singari kalit so‘zlar ishlatilishi mumkin.
Demak, Present Perfect zamoni tugagan ish-harakatni ko ‘rsatadi va bu ish-harakat bir marta yoki bir necha marta bajarilgan bo‘lishi mumkin. Ish-harakat bir necha marta bajarilganda uning necha marta bajarilganligi aniq yoki noaniq ko‘rsatilishi mumkin. Bunda noaniq vaqtga yoki hali hali tugamagan vaqt oralig‘iga ishora qiluvchi kalit so‘zlar ishlatilishi mumkin. Ish-harakatning hozirgi zamonda qandaydir natijasi bo‘lishi kerak.
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