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T o n a s h a r d a l a s i g a h i s o b d a n t a s h q a r i q o ’ s h i n j a m b o ’ l d i . U l a r
soni o ’n sakkiz akshavhini (o ’n sakkiz divizi ya d eganda y) tah min
qilinar edi ».
1
«Maxobhorat » da y keng ko ’laml i bu yuk eposning to ’liq
ma tnini , voqeal ari va g ’o yalarini Beruni y shu qada r mufassal
bilgani, jahonda birinchilardan bo ’lib , il mi y -na zari y jihatdan
t a d q i q e t g a n i h a y r a t l a n a r l i d i r . B e r u n i y t a l q i n l a r i h o z i r g i z a mo n
a t o q l i h i n d u l a m o l a r i , f a y l a s u f l a r i n i n g t a l q i n i g a n i s b a t a n i l m i y -
n a z a r i y j i h a t d a n h o l i s r o q , c h u q u r r o q t a d q i q e t i l g a n .
«Maxo bhorat » v a «Ra ma yan a » ning hozi rgi tadqiqotchilaridan
S h r i - P r a b x u b a d a A u r o b i n d a n i n g b u h a q d a g i k i t o b l a r i d a i l m i y
t a h l i l g a n i s b a t a n f a n t a z i y a yo k i d i n i y h u r o f o t l a r u s t u n t u r a d i .
T o n e s h a r
v o d i y s i d a
B x a r a t l a r
u r u s h i d a
q a t n a s h g a n
1 8
akshavhini qo ’shin miqdori ni ko ’pchilik hindshunoslar tasavvur
qilol ma ydilar. Lekin serqirra v a sinchkov oli m bo ’lgan Beruni y
bir akshavhini mi qdori dun yodagi boshqa xalqlarning o’lchov
m e z o n l a r i g a q i y o s l a n g a n i d a q a n c h a m i q d o r d a e k a n l i g i n i a n i q -
r a v s h a n q i l i b t u s h u n t i r a d i . S h u n i s i q i z i q a r l i k i , yu n o n l i k l a r ,
ri mlikla r, ov rupolik xalqlarning yil hisoblariga ko ’ra , Yangi
e r a I s o - M a s i h t a v a l l u d i 1 - n c h i yi l d a n b o s h l a n a d i . B u n d a n
avvalgi , ya ’ni Yangi e radan avvalgi ta rixlarni hisoblashda
y u n o n l a r T r o y a u r u s h l a r i n i m i l o d d a n a v v a l g i X a s r d a yu z b e r g a n
deb , bu haqda dostonlar («Iliada » va «Odisse ya ») asarlarini
1
Беруний . «Щиндистон». Т. «Фан», 1965, сащ. 302.
39
y o z g a n b u yu k s h o i r - b a x s h i H o m e r ( a r a b l a r d a - O m i r ) mi l o d d a n
a v v a l g i I X - X I I I a s r l a r d a y a s h a g a n d e b h i s o b l a n a d i . M i l o d d a n
a v v a l g i I V a s r n i n g 3 2 9 - yi l i M a k e d o n i ya p o d s h o h i I s k a n d a r
Gretsi yani , Eronni v a O’rta osiyo ning a yri m hududlarini bosib
o l g a n .
Bu davrla r, Be runi y «Hindiston » asarida yozishicha,
h i n d l a r n i n g t a r i x n i h i s o b l a s h l a r i g a n i s b a t a n j u d a o z v a q t l a r d i r .
«Ba rohi m ha yoti boshlanishidan to misolga olingan yi li mizgacha
26215732948132 yi l ( ya ’ni , 26 trillion, 215 milliard , 732 million
948 ming 132 (bir yuz o ’ttiz ikki) yil o ’tgan .
Beruni y yoz adi: «Ammo hindlarning ula molari ta rixi y juda
u z o q d a v r l a r n i k a l p a , m a n v a n t a r a , j u g a , c h a t u r j u g a , t r e t a j u g a ,
a s h v a m a d h a , d i v i a , s o ’ z l a r i b i l a n i f o d a l a yd i l a r . B e r u n i y « V i s h n u
– Dxarma » kitobidan keltirilishicha , «Har ki m bu ishlarni tafsili
bilan bilsa (ya ’ni, o ’sha uzoq davrl arda qanda y ta rixi y voqealar
y u z b e r g a n l i g i n i , u l a r n i n g q a h r a m o n l a r i n i b i l s a - F . B . ) , e t a r l i
d a r a j a d a t a s a v v u r q i l a o l s a , u o r i f b o ’ l a d i . « O r i f o ’ z i b i r s h u n d a y
k i s h i k i , u y a g o n a t a n g r i g a i b o d a t q i l a d i v a p a r a ma p a d a
( b u d d a v i y l a r t a r i x i d a - d x a r m a p a d a ) d e b a t a l g a n t a n g r i - ma k o n i g a
( ya ’ni, ilohi y ma konga) qo ’shni bo ’lishni ista ydi. Beruni y
«Vishnu-Dxa rma» kitobidan bunda y g ’alati yil hisobini keltiradi:
«Yigirma to ’rtinchi t reto jugada Ro ma (ya ’ni , hind e ’tiqodicha,
tangri Ra m) Ravanani (ya ’ni , devla r ma ml akati –Shri- Lanka ,
Tse ylon podshohini) o ’ldirgan , Ro ma ning biroda ri (ukasi)
L a k s h m a n a e s a , R o v a n a n i n g b i r o d a r i K a m b h a k a r n a n i o ’ l d i r g a n ,
de yishadi. Bu ikkovi (ya ’ni , Ra m v a Laksh man a) ha mma
rakshasalarni bo’ys undirgan . (hind poetik tasavvuri v a dini y -
falsafi y e ’tiqodiga ko ’ra rakshasal ar -d evlardir) Shu yillarda
rishi (ya ’ni , shoir) Vol me ki (Va l miki) «Ra ma va Ra ma ya na»
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degan asa r yo zib , unda bu hodisala rning bo ’lib o’tganligini
b i t i b , a b a d i y l a s h t i r d i .
B e r u n i y
a n i q l a s h i c h a ,
t r e t o j u g a n i n g
o x i r i
( u c h
mi n g
yi llikning oxiri) avvalidan ko ’ra yaxshi deb hisoblangan.
C h u n k i u n i n g a v a l i y o m o n l i k a s r i g a y a q i n . R o m a v a R o m a ya n a
voqeasi hindlarga ma ’lu m bo ’lgan . Lekin biz uni (tretojuganing
a v v a l i d a m i , o x i r i d a m i e k a n l i g i n i – F . B ) a n i q l a y o l m a d i k . C h u n k i ,
«Vishnu-Dxa rma» kitobining qahra moni Markondeva yashagan
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