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Requirements
The requirements on coatings for outer plastic parts correspond to the demands on metal coatings
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. The coating films must be resistant to weathering, chemicals, solvents, and mechanical impact
(above all, scratch resistant). Since plastic materials cushion the deformation energy in a totally
different way to metal objects, the coating films must be adapted accordingly. Plastic coatings are
therefore submitted to special impact tests. Foremost among these are puncture tests at different
temperatures, primarily at low temperatures (–20 or –40 °C). Even if the coating layers were to
be damaged by high impact energy, the layers must not detach from the surface totally (loss of
adhesion). The coated plastic part should have the same flexibility properties as the non-coated
part – this is a very ambitious requirement. The interface between plastic part and coating layer
alone creates an inhomogeneity that reduces the elastic response to mechanical impact.
Primers
Since plastic materials do not have to be protected against corrosion and it is possible to render
plastic surfaces very smooth, it is not normally necessary to use primers to coat plastic parts, but
they must be protected against weathering and chemicals. However, there are some important
exceptions. The surface of
SMC parts
is very problematic. Reinforcing crosslinked UP resins with
glass fibres leads, on one hand, to the formation of blowholes, notches and other inhomogeneities
and, on the other, to the possible formation of gas bubbles after coating if air escapes from any
of the voids in the material. It is therefore vital to pretreat such SMC parts with primer-sealers
to fill and cover all the holes and bubbles, and prevent degassing during or after coating applica-
tion. After the application of such primer-sealers, a primer surfacer is applied to smooth out all
remaining unevenness to prepare the surface for the finish topcoat application.
Polypropylene is also problematic for coatings applications due to its very non-polar molecular
structure. The surface of polypropylene is not easy to wet by coating materials, and there are vir-
tually no polymers (resin) that adhere to polypropylene perfectly. The only exception is chloro-
sulphinated polyethylene, which adheres to polypropylene very well. This fact is a good model
for the theory of adhesion, which postulates that the widely known polar molecular interactions
are accompanied by non-polar molecular interactions. Chloro-sulphinated polyethylene has a
relatively high molecular weight and dries only physically. In the application state, solutions
of chloro-sulphinated polyethylene have very low solids, yielding high VOC values. Suitable
solvents for the polymer are chlorinated and aromatic hydrocarbons. In the past,
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