5 Plastic coatings for automobiles
Plastic materials are used in both car interiors and exteriors. Interiors are usually fitted out with
various plastic materials, as well as textiles (seats). Special parts are covered with leather or
made of wood.
Most of the latest car models feature plastics only in specific areas. The amount of plastic used for
exterior parts has been increasing continuously for several years. At the moment, plastic materi-
als make up some 30 % of the average car exterior. There is a certain threshold to be crossed before
the proportion can be increased further. From that point on, most of the car body would have be
made from plastic (see Chapter 7).
Since ready-coloured plastic parts are available, it seems logical to choose parts that do not need
coating. However, there are several reasons to coat plastic parts, too. Requirements on plastic
parts are low cost and ease of processing, e.g. by injection moulding. In addition, plastic parts
must be recycled easily. These requirements are mainly met by thermoplastics. However, most
of these have poor weathering resistance. Special thermoplastics are available that offer better
weathering resistance, but they are relatively expensive. Furthermore, the demand for a car of
totally uniform appearance requires that coatings also be applied to plastic parts, so that they
match the metal parts in terms of colour and effect. Additionally, it should be impossible to dis-
tinguish (by colour or effect) between the different types of construction materials, e.g. metal and
plastic. A very important reason not to use coloured plastic parts is that the same appearances
and effects of coatings cannot always be reproduced on such plastic parts.
5.1 Coatings for interior parts
Car interiors contain a lot of different plastic parts: the entire dash-board, glove compartment
(front and rear), door trim, grips, winders, transmission or manual gear box covering, wheel arch
covers, seat shells, frames and upholstery, overlays, steering wheel and cover, and ash-trays.
Suitable plastics for these parts are polyamides, polyurethanes, polyesters (polyethylene tereph-
thalate), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers (ABS), and polycarbonates. Specialty parts
consist of polyacrylates (covers for light sources and display units), polyphenylene oxide (loud-
speakers, heater grilles and air conditioning), and phenolic resin (ash-trays). The parts for interior
equipment are produced by subcontractors, some parts being already coloured while others are
already coated. The coating materials must match the properties of the plastic parts and fulfil the
requirements on coating films as well.
Requirements
The requirements on the resistance of coatings for interior parts are naturally less critical than for
exterior parts. However, some special conditions have to be met. Most plastic parts have limited
heat resistance. Like repair coatings, stoving coatings are unsuitable for plastic parts. Therefore,
coating materials consist of physical drying resins or of resin combinations that crosslink at ambi-
ent temperatures, i.e. two-component systems.
Car interiors are usually outfitted with primarily complex three-dimensional
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