Bog'liq Automotive Coatings Formulation Ulrich Poth - Chemistry, Physics und Practices (2008, Vincentz Network) - libgen.li
Primer surfacers Since plastic parts usually have a smooth surface, it is not necessary to use primer surfacers. The
exception here is SMC parts, as already mentioned.
Topcoats Topcoats for exterior plastic car parts must match the colour and effect of the topcoats on metal
parts. Most plastic parts are not heat resistant and so stoving coatings cannot be applied. There-
fore, it seems obvious to use the same coating materials as for repair coatings (see Chapter 4.5).
In addition, the specific requirements of high flexibility must be taken into consideration. Nev-
ertheless, the topcoats of exterior plastic parts must provide the same durability as the topcoats
on metal parts: sufficient resistance to weathering, chemicals, solvents and mechanical impact,
including scratching.
One-layer solid colour topcoats contain flexible polyester resins or flexibilised acrylic resins, both
containing hydroxyl groups and crosslinked by aliphatic polyisocyanate adducts; they are two-
component systems (see Chapter 3.8.3.4). As the film forming conditions are nearly the same as
for repair coatings it makes sense to use catalysts, too.
As is the case for OEM topcoat systems on metal surfaces, the solid colour topcoats for plastic
parts are currently applied as a two-layer system of basecoat and clearcoat. The formulations for
basecoats are similar to the resin combinations for repair basecoats (see Chapter 4.6). Clear-
coats for plastic parts must be particularly flexible. They contain the aforementioned resins.
Polyesters outperform acrylic resins in terms of flexibility – but so long as they contain aromatic
building blocks, they are not as weathering-resistant as acrylic resins and tend to yellow more
after exposure. Flexibilised acrylic resins, which naturally do not contain quantities of aromatic
monomers like styrene, are more weathering and yellowing resistant, but they are not as flexible
as suitable polyesters. Particularly suitable for plastic clearcoats are acrylic resins modified by
-caprolactone, which means they contain polyester side-chains. Two effects are at work here: the
hydroxyl groups positioned on the ends of the polyester side-chain are much more reactive than
the hydroxyl groups near the acrylic polymer chain, which leads to more efficient crosslinking.
The segmented structure of the modified resins, containing hard acrylic main chains and flexible
polyester side-chains, offers the possibility of a balance of flexibility and toughness for clearcoat
films made therefrom.
In the meanwhile, plastic coatings are made not only from water-borne basecoats, but also from
water-borne clearcoats. The water-borne clearcoats contain secondary acrylic dispersions; the
crosslinkers are specialty polyisocyanates, more especially, either types of very low viscosity or
polyisocyanates with hydrophilic modifications (see Chapter 3.8.5). Starting from Europe, water-
borne two-component clearcoats for plastic coatings will replace solvent-borne clearcoats step by
step in other regions as well.
A particularly big challenge is the