Asian Research Journals
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of subjects of the natural mathematical cycle) and professional schools, including those for the
training of teachers.
Thus, pedagogy was formed as an academic discipline.A significant milestone in the
development of Russian pedagogy was the theoretical and practical activities of Simeon Polotsky
(1629–1680), under whose supervision Peter I was raised as a child. He opposed the “innate
ideas” that supposedly determine the development of children, and attached decisive importance
in raising the example of parents and teachers , believed that the development of feelings and
reason should be carried out purposefully.Domestic pedagogical thought fruitfully developed in
the works of M.V. Lomonosov (1711-1765), N.I. Novikov (1744–1818), N.I. Pirogov (1810–
1881), K.D. Ushinsky (1824–1870), L.N. Tolstoy (1828–1910), P.F. Kaptereva (1849–1922) and
others.During the period of the socialist development of our country, the school became free,
accessible (regardless of the nationality and social status of children), secular (freed from the
influence of the church), and general secondary education became compulsory. The country has
become one of the leading in the percentage of the population with general secondary and higher
education. The education system was based on the ideas of forming a comprehensively
developed personality, continuity and continuity of education, combining education with work
and social work, educating in the team and through the team, clearly organizing and managing
the pedagogical process, combining high demands with respect for the personal dignity of
students, a personal example of a teacher etc. The foundations of such an education were
developed in the works of N.K. Krupskaya (1869–1939), S.T. Shatsky (1878–1934), P.P.
Blonsky (1884–1941), A.S. Makarenko (1888 –1939), V.A. Sukhomlinsky (1918–1970) and
others. In the last decades of the XX century.interesting pedagogical ideas of activating training,
problem and developmental education, pedagogical cooperation, personality formation were
developed by scientists-teachers Yu.K. Babansky, V.V. Davydov, I.Ya. Lerner, M.I.
Makhmutov, M.A. Danilov, N.K. Goncharov, B.T. Likhachev, P.I. Pidkasisty, I.P. Podlasym,
M.N. Skatkin, V.A.Slastenin, I.F.Kharlamov, innovative teachers Sh.A. Amonashvili, V.F.
Shatalov, E.N. Ilyin and others.In modern conditions, pedagogy is considered as a science and
practice of teaching and educating a person at all stages of his personal and professional
development, because:• every person “passes” through the educational system;• in many
countries, a system of lifelong education of a person has been created under the motto “From
education for life to education through life”;- it is implemented at different levels of human
education: from pre-school education to advanced training (postgraduate education).The range of
pedagogical branches expanded towards the end of the 19th century and represents a large
system of pedagogical knowledge. Today the following branches of pedagogical science are
actively developing - pedagogy of higher education, pedagogy of adults (andragogy), history of
pedagogy, comparative and social pedagogy, etc.
Pedagogical science is one of the oldest branches of knowledge and is essentially inseparable
from the development of society. The social progress of mankind became possible only because
each new generation of people mastered the cultural-historical (industrial, scientific, social and
spiritual) experience of their ancestors and, enriching it, passed it on to their descendants in a
more developed form. The more production developed and complicated, the more scientific
knowledge accumulated, the more important the special preparation of younger generations for
life became, the more acute the need for their specially organized education — the purposeful
transfer of human experience to them.Education and upbringing have become the objective need
of society and have become an essential prerequisite for its development. At a certain stage in the
ISSN: 2278-4853 Special Issue, March, 2020 Impact Factor: SJIF 2020 = 6.882
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