22. "In" and "out"
Used as particles. In and at often refer to "entrance" and exit, as in Way in ana Way Out, or simplyIn and out.
The meaning.can be extended to cover incoming and outgoing mail, as in the nouns in-tray and out - tray.
23. In spite of et
Al (though) is a conjuction and introduces a clouse By comparison , in spite of (always three words) despite and not with standing do not, and are very formal.
Here is a, scale
The temperature has dropped but it is still warm
It is still warm.
It is still warm in spite of the drop in temperature.
Otis still warm, despite the drop in temperature
Itis still warm, not with standing the drop in temperature
Not with standing can be used at the end of sentences to convey even greater formality:
It is still warm, the drop in temperature not with standing.
In spite of, despite and not with standing are often followed by "the fact that"
In spite of the fact that he has failed so often he has entered for the exam again.
In spite of/despite can be followed by -ing:
In spite of losing a fartune, he's still rich:
For all conveys the same idea less formally:
For all her money. Mrs Hooper isn't happy.
Compare with all (=taking into account):
With all this rain, there’all be a good crop.
24. "Insidet" and "insted et"
Instead is an adverb .
Instead of is a conplex preposition
When insted is used as an adverb, it is usually placed at the end.
If you don't want a holiday in wales, why don't you go to Scotland instead?
We use instead of + noun pronoun or + ing
We eat margarin isntead of butter
Why can't Marion drive you into town instead of we?
Instead of meaning, why don't you eat?
25 like and as
Like as a preposition is followed by a noun, pronoun or - ing
There's no business like show business (=to compare with)
There's no one like (=to compare with)
Why don't you try something like doing a it at work for an change? (=such as)
There were lots of people we knew at the party like the Smiths and the Frys (=such as/for example)
Like can sometimes be replaced by such as (not by as)
Like can convey the idea of resemblance. It was like a dream (=similar to).
The opposite is unlike
The holiday was unlike any other.
Like can suggest in thee meanner of.
He acts like a king (=in the same way as)
As(=in thw capacity of) can be used a preposition and shouldn't be confused with like (=resemblance)
It can refer to people and things.
I work as a hotel receptionist
As a lawyer, I wouldn't recomend it.
Who's used this knife as a screw-driver?
As can be a conjunction in troducing a clouse: As the last bus had left, we returned on foot
Used as a consjunction, as can convey similarity.
She's musical, as was her mother/as her mother was.
Like (=as/as if) is often used as a conju ction, esperially in informal AmE which is influencing BrE in this respect. This use has not gouned full acceptance in BrE.
Like I told you, it's an offer I can't refuse (i.e. as I told ya)
She's spending money like there was no tomorrow (i.e. as it)
Like and unlike can behave like adjectives when we use them after very, more or most.
He's nore like his mother than his father
I don't agree, They're very unlike
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