Amea folklor institutu

gamoyenebuli wyaroebi da literatura:

1. 
   XIX-XX saukuneebis germaneli mxatvrebi saqarTveloSi. saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumi. Tbilisi. 2011.
   
2. 
   Theodor Horschelt. Sein Leben und Seine Werke. Spanien, Aljier, Kaukasus.Hrsgb. von Joseph Albert. Muenchen. 1880.
   
3. 
   H. Holland. Theodor Horschelt – Ein Kuenstlerleben und Schaffen. In: Bayerische Bibliothek. B. 20. Bamberg. 1890.
   
4. 
   H. Holland. Schlachtenmaler Theodor Horschelt. In: Die Kunst dem Volke. #20. Muenchen. 1914.
   
5. 
   З.Абдулаева. Кавказ глазами именитого немецкого художника Теодора Горшельта. ГУП “Книжное издательство”. Грозный. 2007.
   

SeniSvnebi:
* bavariisa da ruseTis saimperatoro karis fotografi.
** aleqsandre ivanes Ze bariatinski - mefisnacvali da kavkasiis jarebis mTavarsardali 1856 – 1862 wlebSi, feldmarSali.
*** ivane bagrationi – 1854 wlidan maiori da daRestnis cxenosanTa iregulirebuli polkis ufrosi.
daviT SavianiZe
akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti
luiza xaWapuriZe
akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti
religiuri Sinaarsis mikrotoponimebi didaWaraSi
Religious content microtoponyms in Didachara
David Shavianidze
Luiza Khachapuridze
The paper will discuss the microtoponyms coming from Christian terms, gathered by us in the expedition in Didachara in 2010 which have preserved in the best way the information reflecting Christian life.
Sacral toponyms express Christian views of life here as in the other part of Georgia.
Semiotic of the Toponyms having cult significance was like the written sources after the Turkish domination of Achara lasting 3 centuries, from point of view of studying Georgian mentality, the ethnic culture.
Khutsubani / khutsuri (a clergyman) in Didachara. Our respodents say: “ this district of the village where different names live, is the place where a priest of Christian church works. The ruins of a church still exist in Khutsubani
In the special literature has been confirmed that in the other villages of Achara we can found the names of places containing “khutsi”: "khutsivake" (pasture in Davladzeebi, Khulo), "khutsiketi" (District in Kintchauri), "khutsuri" (seeding place in Kobalata, pasture in Makhalashvilebi )
In the village Didachara can be found a mikropotonym "eliatsminda"/ An elevated place/
On the Easter holiday the locals used to take there eggs coloured in the tree bark solution and they prayed. Today there are the ruins of a church there.
In Didachara there is a microtoponym containing the name of Archangel “ Tarangelo/ mTavarangelozis keli “ / the throat of Archangel/ . this is the place where Andria Firstcalled had built the church , there is a small alcove even today there.
The mikrotoponym "nakapis seri" / the cut hill / is very interesting. The elder Eminakhmed Shavadze said: " in the Temple standing on the “nakapis seri” our neniebi (Grandmas)used to pray”. Therefore, it is "the stone place" called. “Nakapi” is the cut place today and it isn’t used anymore.
We may say that firstchritian Georgians’ religious point of view and their values had become immortal in toponyms.
toponimTa semantika yvelaze ukeT acxadebs istoriis nislSi gaxveul sinamdviles adamianTa sacxovrisisa da naazrevis Sesaxeb. isini maTi Semqmneli xalxis saintereso Tavgadasavals mogviTxroben.
2009 wlis zafxulSi qobuleTisa da xulos raionis soflebSi vxelmZRvanelobdiT akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universitetis studentTa eTnografiul praqtikas. CaviwereT Zalze saintereso masala. vfiqrobT, misi Semdgomi damuSaveba xels Seuwyobs aWaris socialur-kulturuli cxovrebis Rrmad Seswavlas.
amjerad ganvixilavT qristianuli terminebidan momdinare mikrotoponimebs, romlebmac yvelaze ukeT Semoinaxes qristianuli yofis amaxveli informacia aWaraSi.
danarCeni saqarTvelos msgavsad sakraluri toponimia aqac qristianuli Sexedulebebis amsaxvelia. sakulto mniSvnelobis matarebel toponimTa semiotika asrulebs werilobiTi wyaros funqcias, qarTveluri mentalobis, eTnikuri kulturis Seswavlis TvalsazrisiT.
“xucubani / xucuri” xucesTan dakavSirebuli mikrotoponimia sofel didaWaraSi. Cveni respodentebis TqmiT: “sxvadasxva gvarebiT dasaxlebuli soflis es ubani qristianuli eklesiis moRvawe xucis samoRvaweo adgilia. xucubanSi dResac aris naeklesiari. traqtorma muSaobis dros aRmoaCina aq eklesiis nangrevebi da qvevrebi. rogorc Cans qristianul eklesiebs Tavis meurneoba da vazic hqondaT”.
specialur literaturaSi dadasturebulia, rom aWaris danarCen soflebSic gvxvdeba _ xucis Semcveli adgilis saxelebi: “xucivake” (saTesi sofel davlaZeebSi, xulo), “xuciqeTi” (ubani yinCaurSi), “xucuri”(saTesi kobalaTaSi; saZovari maxalaSvilebSi. (tbeTis matiane, Tb., 1977).
“xuciaSvilebis ubanSi” gvxvdeba mikrotoponimi “ekliyana”. zogi gadmocemiT “ekliyana” “ekalaneTis” msgavsad ekalmcenareebiT mdidari adgilia. Tumca arsebobs sxva gadmocemac, rom “ekliyana” hqvia adgils, sadac adre eklesias sayaned saTesi hqonda.
qristian aWarlebs salocavi sofel diakoniZeebSic hqoniaT. sofel didaWaraSi dResac axsovT uxucesi zeisam xasanis Ze bolqvaZis monaTxrobi, rom diakoniZeebSi diakvani yofila didaWaridan, “xuciaSvilebis ubneli” kaci.
sofel didaWaris gvxvdeba mikropotonimi “eliawminda”., romelic warmoadgens SemaRlebul adgils. gamahmadianebis Semdeg aRdgomis dResaswaulize aqaurebs aq “rTxmelis xis qerqiT damzadebul yavisfer saRebav boiaSi SeRebili kvercxebi ahqondaT da ilocebodnen eliawmindaze. iq dRes naeklesiaria” (mTxrobelebi zurab da aiSe gobaZeebi).
igive mikrotoponimi (eliawminda) gvxvdeba xulos raionis sofel SavaZeebSic (i. sixaruliZe 1958, gv. 40).
sofel didaWaraSi mTavarangelozis saxelis matarebeli mikrotoponimia “Tarangelo//Tarangelozis yeli//mTavarangelozis yeli”. aRniSnuli leqsema gvinaxavs gadmocemas aWarel qarTvelTa qristianobasTan pirvelziarebis Sesaxeb. gadmocemis sinamdviles adasturebs im adgilas arsebuli niSi: ”Tarangelozis yeli is adgilia, sadac saqarTveloSi qristianobis pirvelmqadagebels andria pirvelwodebuls augia eklesia”.
mikrotoponimi “Tarangelo” gvxvdeba soflebSi: fuSkuraulsa da kvatiaSi. maT Sesaxeb masala mouZevia mkvlevrebs; S. niJaraZes, g. diasamiZes, m. qamadaZes, g. bedoSvils. sainteresoobidan da gansxvavebulobidan gamomdinare moviyvanT profesor guram bedoSvilis masalas:
“sofel kvatiaSi daculi gadmocemis mixedviT Tarangelo Turquli „Taran“ (adgili) da qarTuli „mgeli“ sityvebisagan yofila Semdgari. igi, Turme niSnavs: “samgle adgili”. Tumca gvxvdeba aseTi gadmocemac: “Tamars jer augia da dalodebian sofels kvatiaSi, sadac mefes unda gamoevlo... sul male gamoCenila Tamari. xalxs uyviria: “Tamar gel”, rac niSnavs: “Tamari modis” (g. bedoSvili, 2001, gv.168). aRniSnul gadmocemebs sinamdviled ver miviRebT, radgan TurqulSi adgilis Sesatyvisia „Yer“, mosvla, modis gamoxatavs zmna – Varış, xolo mgeli gamoiTqmis rogorc „kurt“. amave dros Tamarisdroindeli saqarTvelos es kuTxe saTqyvanebel mefe-qals ucxo enaze ar miesalmeboda.
saintereso informacias inaxavs mikrotoponimi “nakafis seri” mTxrobeli eminaxmed SavaZe igonebs: „gasuli saukunis samocdaaTian wlebSi uxucesi adamianebisagan, 105 wlis eminaxmed SavaZisagan, ismail wulukiZisagan, TuTie bolqvaZisagan gamigonia, rom maTi bavSvobisas nakafis serze mdgom saydarSi salocavad dadiodnen neniebi. nakafSi eklesia aSenebuli iyo im adgilisave qviT. aq erT-erTi Zveli eklesia-samlocvelo iyo aWaris salocavebs Soris. am adgils “qvis adgilsac” eZaxdnen Zvelebi. nakafi dRes gakafuli adgilia. aqaurobasTanac iseTive mimarTeba gvaqvs, rogorc sxva qristianobisdroindel sakulto adgilebTan. ar movilocavT, magram vcdilobT ar gamoviyenoT arc saTesad da arc saTibad“.
zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom pirvelqritian qarTvelTa religiuri xedava da Rirebulebebi ukvdaviqca toponimebSi.