Amea folklor institutu

Tavi III. qarTul sagaloblebSi gamoxatuli glovis
Janri
qristianuli sagaloblebi am religiis CamoyalibebasTan, qristianuli sazogadoebis SeqmnasTan erTad gaCnda da ganviTarda. sxva, msoflio religiaTa msgavsad, qristianobac, rogorc RvTis msasoebeli rjuli, misdami madlierebis gamoxatvis mwyobr, Tanmimdevrul sistemas - liturgias qmnis, sadac himnografias, rogorc usisxlo msxverpls, umniSvnelovanesi adgili ukavia. amdenad, sagaloblebis umTvares arss "misi xotbiTi Sinaarsi Seadgenda" [3], romelic isev sulieri moTxovnilebiT aris nakarnaxevi. rogorc akad. k. kekeliZe SeniSnavs: "grZnobis, kerZod, religiuri grZnobis gamoxatva galobiT, sruliad bunebrivi movlenaa da, maSasadame, sakvirveli araa, Tu eklesiaSi galobam imTaviTve Sesaferisi adgili daikava, ise, rogorc ekava mas es adgili ebraelTa sinagogur RvTismsaxurebaSi"[6, 588] .
qristianobaSi zogadad glovas udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba, radgan glova, romelic upirvelesad gamowveulia sakuTar SecodebaTa simZimis gaazrebiT, dakavSirebulia rwmenasTan; imis SegnebasTan, rom adamianSi kidev erTxel dairRva RmerTTan kavSiri, kidev erTxel daiCrdila xati RvTisa. "vinaÁ viwyo me glovad SecodebaTa ubadrukisa cxovrebisa Cemisa, anu romeli dasawyisi vyo qriste, godebisa amis? " - wers andria kriteli (VIIIs) [5, 203]. es RaRadisi TavisTavSi aerTianebs wuxils - SecodebaTa gamo da misi SegnebiT warmoSobil Tavmdablobas; survils - maTi aRxocvisa; imeds - mitevebisa. ramdenadac mimarTavs qristes viTarca mxsnels. amitomac ambobs qriste: "netar arian mglovareni guliTa, rameTu igini nugeSinis - cemul iyvnen." (maT. 5, 4).
xolo ioane minCxi wers:
“netar arian, romelTa awve
daitirnen Tavni TÂsni
sawuTrosa amas Sina,
rameTu merme ganmxiaruldnen
sixaruliTAuoxWnoÁTa.
romelni aqa mglovare iqmnen,
rameTu angelozTa Tana
sufevasa mas winaSe RmrTisa
ixarebden naTliTa
ganuqarvebeliTa
pirisa misisaÁTa.” [22]
glova tkivilia da Sexsenebaa imisa, ramac warmoSva igi. amdenad, morwmunis Sinagani moTxovnaa iglovdes e.i. axsovdes, raTa ar moikerZos ampartavnebis, pativmoyvarebis Tu sxva maTgvari momakvdinebeli vnebani.
glovis am zogadobidan, Cven gvainteresebs iseTebi, romlebic mowameobrivad aRsrulebul wmindanTadmia gamoTqmuli.
wmindanebis glova, maTi xseneba imiT aris mniSvnelovani, rom mowamis "adamianurma bunebam RmerTTan Tavisi SeerTebis Zala da srulqmnileba" gamoavlina” [12, 38].
qristianuli godebis umTavres mizezs, ra Tqma unda, qristes jvarcma warmoadgens. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT vnebis kviris paraskevisa da SabaTis himnebi gamoirCeva. "saqme isaa, rom paraskevsa da SabaTs morwmuneTa Tvalwin warmodgeba tanjul -wamebulis, jvarze gakrulis da saflavSi mdebare qristes suraTi." [5, 203]
"mzeman brwyinvalebaÁ TÂisi daifara,
cani da queyanaÁ
safuZveliTurT Zrwodes,
zarganÃdil iqmnnes quesknelni,
haerni iglovdes,
SeZrwundes mTvarobani,
zecisa krebulni, usxeuloTa erni,
rameTu ixiles maT
xilvaÁ zeSTa bunebisaÁ da mÃsneli
mkudrad kacad, usulod,
romelmanca STahbera
adams zeciT suli cxoveli. [21, 284] - wers oiane minCxi.
qristes jvarcma Semzaravia ara mxolod adamianTaTvis, aramed bunebisTvisac, rac TanmiyolebiT aisaxeba kidec mzis, cis da qveynis, qvesknelis, haeris saxiT. xolo Semdgom es "SeZrwuneba" gadadis "usxeuloTa erSi" e.i. angelozebSi, radgan maT momswreni gaxdnen imisa, Tu rogor mokvda igi (e.i. qriste -o.q.), romelic "zeSTa bunebisaa".
aq isicaa sayuradRebo, rom TviT am sagalobelSic ki samyaros agebulebis principi ar aris qaoturad mocemuli. mis centrSic adamiani igulisxmeba am SemTxvevaSi qristes saxiT.
qristes jvacmas aranakleb ganicdian misi axloblebi da morwmuneTa krebuli. qristes mowafe oiseb arimaTieli ase glovobs moZRvars:
"Ä ieso tkbilo, yovelTa meufeo . . .
gxedav aw CemTvis momkudarsa!
viTar Segmuro, Ä RmerTo Cemo?
anu viTar dagmarxo Sen,
anu romliTa xeliTa Sevexo
uxrwnelTa xorcTa SenTa
da warvgragno igi tiloÁTa?
anu viTari Sesxma da galoba
uRaRado gansvlasa Sensa?
vadideb wmidaTa vnebaTa SenTa,
ugalob jvarcmasa da daflvasa Sensa,
vaqeb aRdgomasa Sensa!" [5, 205]
qarTul sagaloblebSi, romelic ra Tqma unda, zogadad himnografiul tradiciebs asaxavs, glova-mwuxarebas yovelTvis sixaruli mosdevs, radgan qristes mibaZviT yoveli adamianis mowameobrivad aRsruleba, sinamdvileSi gamarjvebaa, "sikvdiliT sikvdilis daTrgunvaa".
oiane minCxi lazares aRdginebisadmi miZRvnil erT-erT sagalobelSi wers:
"tiroda marTa winaSe uflisa
da godebiT etyoda:
"ufalo, ukueTumca aqa yofil iyav,
araÁmca momkudar iyo
ZmaÁ igi Cemi - megobari Seni". ("ufalo mesmasa")
Tavad qristec daamwuxra lazares gardacvalebam da sxva
sagalobelSi oiane wers:
"cremlooda macxovari
da viTarca umecrebiT
etyoda maT: "miCueneT me saflavi misi"
da ubrZana aRebad lodi,
romliTa daefara
da Ãelmwifed Ãma-uyo:
"lazare, gamoved gare!". [21, 260]
rogorc vxedavT, es sixaruli, romlis Sesaxebac Cven zemoT gvqonda saubari, mxolod sulier ki ara, fizikur aRdgineba - gamarjvebaSic gamoixateba, aseTive Sinaarsisaa qristes aRdgomiT gamowveuli sixaruli:
"elvare angelozi gamoCnda
mjdomare lodsa zeda
saflavisasa da etyoda wmidaTa maT dedaTa:
"raÁsa eZiebT cxovelsa mas mkudarTa Tana?
aRdgomil ars saflaviT
nuRara xarT mwuxare! ". [21, 293]
magram glova mainc glovaa, rac ar unda didi saqme, Tundac sixarulis momtani, edos mas libod. ufro metic, glova miT ufro mZafrdeba im wmin­da­nisadmi romelsac ufro meti Rvawli amSvenebs da romlis micvalebac udidesi danakargia morwmune mrevlisTvis. garda amisa, mwuxarebas amZafrebs usa­marTlobis gancdac. marTlac erT-erT sagalobelSi qriste ekiTxeba iudevelebs:
"romlisa saqmisaTÂs gnebavT moklvaÁ Cemi, Ä uriano?
ganrRveulni Tquenni ganvkurnen
da mkudarni, viTarca Zilisagan, aRvadginen.
widovanni ganvwmiden, qananelni Seviwyalen.
romlisa saqmisaTÂs gnebavT moklvaÁ Cemi, Ä uriano!
ero Cemo, raÁ Segawuxen Tquen?
ara niSTa saqmiTa aRvavse huriastani,
da ara samareTagan mkudarni aRvadginen,
ara yovelni senni da UuZlurebani ganvkurnen?
rasa momagebT me borotsa keTilisa wil?
nacvlad kurnebaTa momwylavT me,
nacvlad cxovrebisa momklavT me
da juarsa zeda momkidebT me
viTarca Zviris-moqmedsa,
qvelis - moqmedsa Tquensa da macxovarsa,
da msgavsad usjuloÁsa, sjulis momcemelsa,
da mwyalobelsa meufesa, viTarca dasasjelsa.
vaÁ Tquenda, uRmrTono da yovliTurT usjulono!". [5, 204]
qristes jvarcmis gamo qristianul sagalobelSi TiTqmis misi gaCenis momentidanve Semovida samgloviaro ganwyobileba, romelic ufro mZafrad gangvacdevinebs da kidev erTxel gvarwmunebs qristes jvarcmis usamarTlobaSi, mis ubraloebasa da amasTanave, didebulebaSi. amgvari sagaloblis mizania morwmune adamiani uSualod qristes vnebaTa mxilvelad, uSualo Tanagamcdelad gaxados, rasac Tavis mxriv wm. mariamis mglovare saxe aZlierebs da swored igi warmoudgeba himnografs Tavisi saTqmelis dauSretel wyarod. unda iTqvas, rom wm. mariamis glovisadmi miZRvnil sagaloblebSi ufro meti grZnobierebaa Caqsovili, vidre sxvaSi.
daskvna
sagaloblebisa da marsiebis urTierTSedarebiTi analizis safuZvelze SeiZleba Semdegi saxis daskvnebi gamovitanoT:

1. 
   marsiebi da sagaloblebi mwuxarebis gadmocemiT emsgavsebian erTmaneTs. orives mizania, rac SeiZleba metad aaRelvos msmenel – mkiTxveli, agrZnobinos maT TavianTi glovis obieqtis aRmatebuleba, siwminde da RmerTSemosiloba. orive mrevls miemarTeba imdenad, ramdenadac glova krebiTad aResruleba.
   
2. 
   rogorc sagaloblebi, aseve marsiebic, TavianT TavSi aerTianeben Sesabamisi kulturuli sivrcis, azrovnebis Tanadroul procesebs. magaliTad, sagaloblebi RvTisadmi qeba – didebis aRvlenasTan erTad, qristianul dogmatebsac gadmoscemda. swored amis meSveobiT epaeqrebodnen erTmaneTs dapirispirebuli mxareebi. magaliTad, efrem asuri (IVs) vardenisa da misi Zis – harmoniis winaaRmdeg; ioane oqropiris mier Seqmnili gundebi konstantinopolis quCebSi arianelTa seqtebis sawinaaRmdego teqstebs galobdnen.
   

rac Seexeba marsiebs, isinic, “islamze moqcevis Semdgom”, muslim pirvelmowameebs eZRvneboda, magram amasTan erTad, mogvianebiT, roca Siitebi da xarijitebi umainTa xelisuflebis sawinaaRmdego ideologias avrcelebdnen, maTi momxre poetebic imave sazomiT epasuxebodnen maT.

3. 
   marsiebi da sagaloblebi umTavresad, eZRvneba wmindanebs, romlebic Suamavalni arian RmerTsa da adamianebs Soris; warmoaCenen maT siwmindes, simtkices da mrevls misabaZ magaliTad usaxaven, risTvisac mimarTaven Semdeg saxeebs:
   

1. 
   paradigmuli saxismetyveleba, rac gulisxmobs “axali” wmindanis “ZvelTan” Sedarebas, ra drosac ukeT warmoCindeba am pirovnebis Rvawli. Sedarebisas ZiriTadad yuradReba eqceva iseT momentebs, rogoricaa: samSoblos datoveba, RvTisadmi morCileba, simtkice rwmenaSi, saTnoeba, qalwuleba, nebiT siglaxake, sakuTari Tavis msxverplad mitana, SemarTeba da a.S. garda amisa, Sedareba imasac gulisxmobs, rom ukve arsebul paradigmul saxes, mag: abraams riTi da rogor emsgavseba esa Tu is wmindani da rac ufro emsgavseba, miT ufro Rvawlmosilia igi. marsiaSi, garda am yvelafrisa, Sedarebas arcTu iSviaTad qveteqstad isic udevs, rom muslimi wmindanis, am SemTxvevaSi imami huseinis, SeWirvebis aRatebuleba warmoaCinos.
   
2. 
   meoxebis, Semweobis Txovna. sagaloblebsa da marsiebSi gatarebulia azri, rom wmindanis qeba RvTis gandidebaa, rac adamians sulierad aRamaRlebs. Sesabamisad, sulieri mdgomareobis am simaRlidan, wmindans himnografi da marseixani Semweobas sTxovs, rac, ZiriTadad, imaSi gamoixateba, rom man gviSuamdgomlos RmerTTan, raTa codvebi, gankiTxvis dRes sasjeli da warwymeda agvcdes, RmerTma gviwinamZRvros da a.S. sagaloblebsa da marsiebSi, aseTi maRalsulieri impulsebidan gamomdinare, teqstebi siwminded da Sesabamisad, maTi Seqmna madlis momniWebel da RvTivsaTno saqmed miiCneva.
   

4. 
   sagaloblebsa da marsiebSi mwuxarebisa da glovis gverdiT sixarulic gvxvdeba, rac ganpirobebulia, pirvel yovlisa, sulieri gamarjvebiT, aRzevebiT. qristianobaSi qristes dasaflavebis ukuneTs, mis mier adamianis pirvelcodvisgan gaTavisuflebis, gamoxsnis da Semdgom aRdgomiT gamowveuli WeSmaritebis zeobis naTeli apobs. imami husienis mowameoba islamur Siitur tradiciaSi WeSmaritebis kvlavaRorZinebis, borotebisa da siveragis, usamarTlobis damarcxebis, mis mier morwmuneTaTvis rwmenisTvis Tavganwirvis magaliTis Cvenebis saxiT mniSvnelobs. qristes da imami huseinis mowameobriv aRsasruls, rogorc nimuSs qristianuli da muslimuri samyaroebisTvis, adamianebTan erTad qveyniereba – bunebac iglovs, rac imaze mianiSnebs, rom samyarosa da adamianebs, rogorc RvTis qmnilebebs, bevri ram aerTianebT. samyaros bedi adamianis bedzea damokidebuli - Seicvleba adamiani, Seicvleba samyaroc. amdenad, miwis Tu zecis reaqcia imis mimaniSnebelia, rom mowame, rogorc srulqmnili pirovneba e.i. didi sikeTe fizikurad aRar arsebobs (rac damaxasiaTebelia xalxuri natiralebisTvisac). himnografebi da marseixanebi TavianT SemoqmedebaSi wmindanis didebulebis gamosakveTad amgvar saxeebs xSirad mimarTaven, rac, ra Tqma unda, zemoT aRniSnuli msoflmxedvelobidan gamomdinareobs.
   
5. 
   qarTvelTa Soris qristianobis damkvidrebam qarTuli kultura qristianuli civilizaciis rkalSi moaqcia da am niSnis qveS kultura azrovnebis ganviTarebis mZlavr impulsad mogvevlina; kerZod, iTargmna biblia, fsalmunebi, Seiqmna qarTulenovani liturgia, mdidari hagiografiuli da himnografiuli literatura, rogorc naTargmni, aseve originaluri.
   

daaxloebiT aseT impulsad gvevlineba imami huseinis mowameobac arabuli da ararabulenovani muslimuri kulturebisTvis, radgan swored misma mowameobam misca dasabami araarab muslim xalxebs sakuTar enaze SeeqmnaT da ganeviTarebinaT mayTulebi da marsiebi, maT Soris azerbaijanelebsac. am kuTxiT CvenTvis cnobil moRvaweTagan gamoirCevian: niSaTi, m. fizuli, Sah ismail xaTai, kasimbeg zaqiri, abasyuli aRa baqixanovi, abulhasan raji, seid azim Sirvani, xurSudbanu naTavani, seid rza serrafi, aRa movsum nasehi, dilriSi, dilxuni, mirza alaqbar sabiri, mirza abas Sahini, muhamad husein Sahriari da sxvani, romelTa damsaxurebiTac, es Janri SeiTvisa, ganaviTara da gaiTavisa azerbaijanulma literaturam.
6. qarTuli sagaloblebi da azerbaijanuli marsiebi, garda imisa, rom zogadreligiur Tu zogadkulturul procesebs asaxaven, isini sakuTari literaturis ganviTarebis, Tanadrouli epoqebis suliskveTebis, safiqralebis da miswrafebebis gamomxatvelnic arian.
7.qarTuli sagaloblebisa da azerbaijanuli marsiebis SedarebiTi analizi saSualebas gvaZlevs qristianuli da muslimuri civilizaciebisadmi mikuTvnebuli am kulturebis ganviTarebas, xasiaTs mivadevnoT Tvali, gamovavlinoT maTi urTierTmsgavsi da gansxvavebuli mxareebi, riTac maT Seswavlas gaviadvilebT. Cveni azriT, marsiebis saSualebiT qarTul sagaloblebSi gamoxatuli “godebis” raoba da specifika ufro ukeT gamoikveTeba da Sesabamisad, calke kvlevis sagnad iqceva. xolo marsiebis qarTul sagaloblebTan Sedarebis gziT Seswavla saSualebas mogvcems marsiebi ufro seriozulad SeviswavloT da rac mTavaria, mecnieruli xasiaTi mivceT am kvlevas.