1Comparative Typology as a branch of general linguistics

There are four types of syllable in English and Russian:
1. V Purely open syllable consisting of one vowel only. In Russian союзы и о а , in English e a ea (diphthong)
2. CVC Purely closed syllable with a structure consonant-vowel-consonant (сад, дом, tom-back, hat,cat)
3. CV Half-open syllable (прикрытый) with the structure consonant-vowel (на , до, то, )go so no
4. VC Half-closed with the structure vowel-consonant am, is,ice, ( ил, от, им)
As we know there are languages in which syllables are formed with the help of a vowel like Russian< slavonik languages, but in English some consonants may form syllables, usually sonorants L,M,N,R. In Russian we have two three or even four consonants in preposition to a vowel like встревожить , in English only three consonants may be used in preposition to a vowel and the first is usually phoneme S in English, the second voiceless explosive P,T,K and the third is only sonorant R or L.(spring), ы – never occur in initial position.

11. Types of morphemes in Rus & Eng.
The main unit of morphological system is a morpheme. It’s a part of a word with grammatical or lexical meaning. Lexical meanings are typical of morphemes, the main unchangeable part. Except the root there suffixes prefixes. We may speak about the steam if we add affixes to the root.
Flexions usually have gramm. meanings, affixation is typical of the majority of lang-s. Some lan-s. use more prefixes (in Rus. prefixes are more typical of verbs and suffixes in nouns).
There are aome common points in eng an rus suffixes from the point of view of their origin.
Some suffixes used to be separate words before they became morphemes (hood, dome,) крестьянин – Янин, Анин – they used to be pronouns.
Many suffixes were borrowed from latin and greek. (ism-ist, extra,multy, poly).
In the process of the historical development the morphological structure may be changed. Богородицкий called this fact опрощение (simplification), decomposition – переразложение.
Simplification is a gramm. process in the result of which a compound word loses the independent meaning of its component parts and they are excepted as a single morpheme. (in Rus. в-кус originally two morphemes, but now no prefix) (husband = house + bond simplification). Simplification is typical of borrowed words.
Decomposition когда границы м/д морфемами меняются нес/е – те.