1Comparative Typology as a branch of general linguistics

Two component subjects.
-which consist of2 dependent words, when 1 word cannot exist without an other. It is typical of the English (there was a pause ----there+pause, or with the construction it + to say (it is useless to say)
Types of predicates in english and russian.
One component predicates with agreement or concord include the majority of predicates in English and Russian. But, in English , agreement is more limited. Eg the boy reads a book. Agreement in person, tense and number. Мальчик читает книгу ( agreement in person, number and tense)
One component predicates without agreement are limited by a small group of modal verbs in English – I, he, she, they---- can ,may, must…. etc
Two component predicated- consists of 2 words:
1 a link verb+ noun (in both languages? but more common in English) – she became a doctor. Она стала врачем.
2 a verb + adjective (in both languages, but more typical of English) – she turned red, he fell silent . Он стал красным(---он покраснел)
Typology of sentences in English and Russian
Typologically sentences are characterized by

1. 
   The number of principle elements they be with 1 member or 2
   
2. 
   Communicative function
   
3. 
   Position if the predicate in preposition or postposition to a subject
   
4. 
   Agreement between subject and predicate
   
5. 
   Position of an attribute in preposition or postposition to the attributive word
   
6. 
   Word-order it may be fixed or free
   

1). Characteristic of sentences according to The number of principle elements
Two-member sentences with subjects and predicates. They may be of 2 types: 1) verbal 2) nominal
Verbal 2 member sentences may be with agreement and without. In English such sentences may have the structure Attribute+Subject+predicate. And there’s no agreement b/w attribute and subject.
Ex. Red roses grow in the garden
Structure Attr+Subj+Pred with Agreement is typical of the Russian language only.
Nominal 2member sentences have predicates which consist of a link-verb usually the verb “to be” and nominal part which may be expressed by an Adj, a noun or a pronoun. 2 classes:

1. 
   Sentences may have agreement in both members of the predicate or only in one. Sentences with agreement in both parts are typical of the Russian lang only
   

Ex. Он был выдающийся художник.
Sentences where nominal part of the predicate is expressed by an adj.
День был прекрасный.the day was nice.
Sentences with a noun in instrumental case which are typical of the Russian lang only
Ex. Он был поэтом -

2. 
   Sentences in which the nominal part is expressed by a link verb which agrees with a subject. They are typical of the English lang only
   

Ex. She is clever, they are clever
Nominal part in this part may be expressed by a possessive pronoun “the book is mine”.
One-member sentences of verbal type which are typical of the Russian lang only. In English they have 2 members.
Ex. Морозит - it’s freezing
Темнеет - it’s getting dark
In rus in such sent pred may be expressed by a verb in the 2^nd person Sg
Ex. Тише едешь – дальше будешь.
By a verb in the 3^rd person
Ex. Вечерело, темнело, смеркалось.

2. 
   By a 3^rd person Pl
   

Ex. Их разместили в гостинице.