1. Give the main idea of the text given below

Direct competitors
- A direct competitor offers the same products and 
services aimed at the same target market and customer base, with the same 
goal of profit and market share growth. This means that your direct 
competitors are targeting the same audience as you, selling the same 
products as you, in a similar distribution model as you.
Indirect Competitors
- An indirect competitor is another company that 
offers the same products and services, much like direct competitors; 
however, the end goals are different. These competitors are seeking to grow 
revenue with a different strategy.
 
11.Answer the following questions.
Culture 
1.When people from other countries think about your culture, what do they 
usually think of?
2.Have you ever experienced culture shock?
3.What does it mean to be polite in your culture?
4.What is considered rude in your culture?
5.What has surprised you when you've met people from other countries?
6.Have you ever felt confused by the actions of someone from another culture?

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12.Offers and Requests Situations
Consider the situation carefully. Ask your friend, relative or suitable person 
to help you. Use polite words and expressions when asking for help. 
 
You are an old man, you have come to visit your children, you have arthritis 
and you need help with lots of things.
13.
Give the main idea of the text given below
Leadership
Leadership captures the essentials of being able and prepared to inspire 
others. Effective leadership is based upon ideas—both original and 
borrowed—that are effectively communicated to others in a way that 
engages them enough to act as the leader wants them to act.
A leader inspires others to act while simultaneously directing the way that 
they act. They must be personable enough for others to follow their orders, 
and they must have the critical thinking skills to know the best way to use 
the resources at an organization's disposal.
In business, leadership is linked to performance, and any leadership 
definition has to take that into account. Therefore, while leadership isn't 
intrinsically linked to profit, those who are viewed as effective leaders in 
corporate contexts are the ones who increase their company's bottom line.
While there are people who seem to be naturally endowed with more 
leadership abilities than others, anyone can learn to become a leader by 
improving particular skills. History is full of people who, while having no 
previous leadership experience, have stepped to the fore in crises and 
persuaded others to follow their suggested course of action. They possessed 
traits and qualities that helped them to step into roles of leadership.