1. Flipped Instruction Description

Theoretical Link
Humanism: there are elements of unconditional positive regard in this approach (see Carl Rogers).
Examples

1. 
   An example.may be that all students must get 80% on a test to progress to the next unit of work.
   
2. 
   This approach is common for getting a “handwriting license” in primary / elementary school.
   

47. Stimulus Materials And Props
Definition
Stimulus materials are tools that a teacher provides during lessons to spur students into engaging with the lesson or thinking more deeply about the content provided. They include videos, educational toys (manipulatives), worksheets, visual prompts, objects from outside the classroom, and so on.
Without stimulus materials, the classroom feels empty and detached from real life. Bring stimulus materials into the classroom to help students make stronger connections to things going on outside.
Benefits

• 
  Provides something for students to focus on which can focus students’ minds.
  
• 
  Helps students to learn actively if they have the opportunity to touch and manipulate the props.
  
• 
  Can inspire and draw-in students at the start of the lesson.
  

Challenges

• 
  Stimulus materials can be very expensive.
  
• 
  Students can get distracted playing with the materials rather than listening to their peers or the teacher.
  
• 
  Students need to learn to share materials.
  

Theoretical Link
Constructivism: constructivists encourage the use of props so that students can ‘learn by doing’ and be ‘hands on’ in their learning.
Examples

1. 
   Place several props into a bag. Have the students put their hands in the bag and see whether they can guess what the props are.
   
2. 
   Place an unusual prop related to your lesson in the middle of the classroom. Get the students to guess what it is before beginning the lesson.