1. Flipped Instruction Description

Theoretical Link
Constructivism: Students learn through constructing ideas in their heads rather than being told the facts.
42. Reciprocal Teaching
Definition
Reciprocal teaching involves having students facilitate their own small group lessons. It is usually used in reading lessons.
The teacher first models how to guide group discussions before sending students off to facilitate their own lesson. In groups of four, students usually take the roles of: questioner, clarifier, summarizer and predictor. Students read stimulus materials then self-facilitate a group discussion about the text.
Benefits

• 
  Students learn self-regulation learning skills which are essential for later in their lives.
  
• 
  When students are trained up, the classes work very effectively and the teacher can fade into the background.
  
• 
  Students learn group work, communication and negotiation skills. They also learn how to speak up in a group.
  
• 
  Students learn to be mature even when the teacher isn’t looking. By taking on responsibility as ‘teachers’, students should rise to the challenge.
  

Challenges

• 
  Requires a lot of pre-teaching so students have the required skills for these sorts of lessons to work.
  

Theoretical Link
Sociocultural theory: working in groups, communicating and sharing ideas help stimulate thinking and encourages students to challenge their own ideas in order to improve them.
Example (Modelled off the I Do, We Do, You Do approach)

1. 
   The teacher should model the four roles required in front of the whole class, with several volunteers to act as the demonstration group.
   
2. 
   The teacher assigns groups and the four group roles: questioner, clarifier, summarizer and predictor.
   
3. 
   When students do the activity in small groups for the first time, explicitly walk the students through the steps. Use a bell or similar audible cue to cycle students through the group work steps.
   
4. 
   Allow the students to work in independent groups – walk around and help groups who are struggling.