1. Flipped Instruction Description

45. Culturally Responsive Teaching
Definition
Culturally responsive teaching is an instructional strategy that involves ensuring students’ cultures are integrated into lessons. This includes celebrating students’ cultural backgrounds when relevant and using learning styles that are dominant within your students’ cultures.
Benefits

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  Includes children from cultures that have been traditionally marginalized within the classroom.
  
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  Minimizes the impact of Westernization of education.
  
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  May make new students from cultures that are different to the majority in the class to feel a sense of inclusion and belonging in the classroom.
  
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  Helps all students see the world from a variety of perspectives and learn to respect pluralism.
  

Challenges

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  Teachers need to be sensitive to cultures different to their own.
  
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  Teachers should consult parents and community members about best strategies for the cultural needs of the students in the class.
  

Theoretical Link
Sociocultural theory: sociocultural theory believes
Examples

1. 
   Have role models from minority backgrounds come into the classroom to share their backgrounds.
   
2. 
   Consult with parents about ideal teaching methods within their culture.
   
3. 
   Avoid nonverbal gestures that have different meanings in different cultures.
   
4. 
   Another example: eye contact is considered respectful in Western cultures but acts of defiance in Indigenous Austealian culture.
   

46. Teaching To Mastery
Definition
Mastery learning and teaching is a strategy for ensuring all students meet a certain standard of understanding or ability before moving on.
Teachers set a benchmark of knowledge 9r ability for students to meet. Then, all assessment in this method is formative, where students are given feedback and as much time as possible to improve before progressing.
Benefits

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  Students are not left behind and gaps in their knowledge are not overlooked.
  
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  Students may feel less stressed or rushed with this approach.
  
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  There is no talk of inability or failure in this method as teachers and students keep working away at the task until success is achieved.
  

Challenges

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  There is not enough time in traditional school systems for this approach.
  
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  The difference in abilities between students means some students will get a long way ahead while others remain a long way behind.