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Translation of business documents
This type of material includes diplomatic documents, commercial correspondence, government resolutions and decrees, parliamentary resolutions, materials of different kinds of conferences, meetings and etc.
A translator dealing with such kind documents faces a great responsibility for accuracy of the translation, as on the base of his translation very often very serious political and economical decisions might be undertaken, authenticity of the texts of the agreements and contracts are held, terms of trade deals are made more precise and etc. In the translation practice of such documents there is a tendency to follow not only the meaning and common style of them, but the “letter” of them. For example, in some documents in the English variant of the agreement there was the full name of our republic – The Republic of Uzbekistan and a translator can in haste translate it as Uzbekistan and our representative in one of the foreign countries can demand to change the item of the agreement but in the English variant there is a right version.
In some cases, a translator refuses to search the ways of transformation to give the possible substitution of the textual material and use word for word translation to eliminate any possibility of different understanding or wrong interpretation of the document. Especially it’s often met at translation of regulations of different international organizations, agreements and contracts. In this occasion some English expressions are inserted into our language which was not possible while translating other types of literature for example such expressions as people of good will - яхши ният одамлари (люди доброй воли). Free enterprise – эркин тадбиркорлик (свободное предпринимательство), top level talks or summit олий даража музокаралар еки саммит (переговоры на высшем уровне, саммит), and etc.
Including such kind of words in our language became possible as it is characteristic of the official business the use of large amount of cliché, technical formulas which became traditional. As examples we can mention such expressions as high contracting parties - юкори мартаба тарафлар высокие договаривающиеся стороны, on behalf and instruction of номидан ва топшириги буйича от имени и по поручению, letter of attorney ишонч когози ваколотнома доверенность. Unlike the language of the belles-lettres style such kind of cliché in the official documents are generally accepted norm. A translator should know such kind of cliché very well and try to use them in his translation.
Except generally accepted words it is characteristic of this style to use ceremonial and solemn and sometimes archaic lexics, such kind words as aforesaid юкорида курсатилган вышеуказанный, hereby ушбу билан настоящим, hereinafter named бундан буен аталади, в дальнейшем именуемый, here in шу билан бирга, при сем , henceforth бундан буен, впредь can be met very often in such kind of texts. This official style should be kept in the translation.
In this style there is a wide use of Latin and French words and expressions as : fait accomply совершившийся факт содир булган факт, par excellence асосан, по преимуществу, modus vivendi масалани вактинча хал килиш , временное решение вопроса, ad hoc махсус, специальный, ex officio мансаб вазифасига мувофик, в силу занимаемого служебного положенеия, pro tempore временно вактинча, en bloc умуман олганда, в целом. Usually these words and expressions should be kept in the translated text but in present time they can be translated except some of them which became well-known all over the world: status quo, quorum, persona grata, persona nongrata, terra incognita, tabula rasa, idée fixe, homo sapience, de facto, de jure, casus belli, a priori, etc. Such kind of expressions are transmitted in their foreign spelling or through trunscription. The last way is more widely spread.
For the official documents it is characteristic the absence of emotionally coloured means of expression. A translator should always keep in his mind this fact. For example the verb to reject can have an expressive colouring but the same verb in the official business documents should be translated stylistically neutral, the same with the verb to approve should be translated кабул килмокб принимать but not макулламок одобрять, wise measure – not акилли чора, мудрая мера, but максадга мувофик чора, целесообразная мера, wisdom – not акиллик, мудрость, but фойда ,целесообразность, to allow – not разрешать рухсат этмок, but кабул килмок, куватламок, принимать, поддерживать, etc.
In agreements, contracts, regulations and other materials of official and business documents verb shall can be used with the 2 and 3 persons singular bas a modal verb but in translation the present indefinite is used and modality is usually not kept. There are some examples from Regulation of United nations Organization and their translation into Uzbek and Russian:
The General Assembly shall consist of all the members of the United Nations .
Бош Ассамблея Ташкилотнинг барча Аъзоларидан иборатдир
Генеральная Ассамблея состоит из всех Членов Организации.
The General Assembly shall adopt its own rules of procedure. It shall elect its President for each session.
Бош Ассамблея узининг шахсий иш олиб бориш коидаларини урнатади, У хар бир сессиясига узининг раисини сайлайди.
Генеральная Ассамблея устанавливает свои собственные правила процедуры. Она избирает своего предсеадателя на каждую сессию.
For official and business materials it is characteristic the accuracy of the formation of the text supplying logic succession of exposition, restriction of o9ne thought from another. Usually large documents can be divided into chapters, articles, items and the item can be formed by one sentence. But sometimes for a more detailed decription the material of the text can be divided into section, subsection, chapter, article, clause, item, point, count, paragraph, sub- paragraph which can be translated as булим, булинма, кисм, модда, банд, параграф, параграф кисми. It doesn’t matter which of division points was chosen, it’s only important to follow to one order. One term should be translated in one way all over the text, for example if translator decided to translate the word clause as банд , he should use it all over the text. In order not to make a mistake a translator should copy out all the English names of chapters, choose Uzbek and Russian equivalents and firmly follow chosen variants.
Very often in the English texts they use letter signs for sections, chapters and items a), b), c), d), e), f) and etc. While translating they shouldn’t be substituted with the Uzbek or Russian letters, to simplify referring to the items when translating from Uzbek or Russian into English. Especially it is important for oral type of translation, specifically for synchronic translation because of the short of time it would be difficult to remember its English equivalent at once, if it had been substituted by Uzbek letter ‘ж’ or Russian ‘’з’.
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