Linguistics is a systematic study of language According to John Lyons. Linguistics is a scientific study of language

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Chapter one 
Define linguistic According with Jean Aitchison and John Lyons ? And which 
one is more Appropriate ? 
According to Jean Aitchison
. Linguistics is a systematic study of language 
According to John Lyons
. Linguistics is a scientific study of language // 
 
Linguist
. He is an objective observer person who can describe language as it is rather than 
a participant. And he knows something about language rather than speaks this language.
The characteristics of linguists.
1-Need not to be fluent in the language 
2-to be able to analyze and explain linguistics phenomena 
3-not necessary to speak a large number of languages 
4-should be objective and observer.
5-should be a skilled observer of language rather than participants 
What linguistics is not? Or The misconceptions of studying language?
1- 
The history of language
 
Historical language:- are languages that were spoken in a historical period, but that are 
distinct from their modern form 
2-
Language learning and teaching
 
Language learning and teaching:- this Concept means to learn a language in each type and 
after that teach people to speak and understand a foreign language. to share ideas and 
emotions with others.
 
3-
Evaluation
. Is not related with the study of language, evaluation is the job of critics 
because of the linguistic concern with the linguistics item phonetics, phonology, syntax 
Symantec, and pragmatics.
4- 
traditional approaches
. Is related with all the School of linguistics “ traditional School of