ةيخيراتلا تايوغللا ةغللا ريغت ةسارد . . Morphology . The study of structure of word. ةملكلا بيكرت ةسارد .ايجولوفروملا لكشتلا ملع . Diachronic . Is the study of language and record the changes that happened in it. Between different points in time Diachronic. تلا تاريغتلا ليجستو ةغلل يخيراتلا روطتلا ةسارد يه ةيلاتتم ةينمز طقن نيب .اهيف تثدح ي Synchronic . The study of the language as it is at some particular point in time. نمازتم نيعم تقو يف يه امك ةغللا ةسارد . . Grammar . means The description of the speaker to knowledge of the language. It includes phonology syntax and semantics. .تاوصلأا ملعو ةلمجلا ءانب لمشيو .ةغللا ةفرعمب ثدحتملا فصو ينعي .دعاوق
Chapter Two What Is Language? Charles Hockett:- He is an American linguist who made a list of design features and to considered where they are shared by other animals. What are the design features? 1- Use of sound signals Both, humans and animals, use the sound signals but with humans they are more systematic. The advantages of sound signals: - can be used in the darkness. - allow a wide variety of messages to be sent. - leave the body free for other activities. 2- Arbitrariness:- -
In animals communication, there is a clear connection between the signal and the message. -