Why we should consider linguistics is a scientific ? Because the scientific procedures can be find in the study of linguistics. Comparison between traditional grammar and modern linguistics? 1- T.G is prescriptive while M.L is descriptive 2- T.G Focus on Written language while M.L Focus on spoken language. 3- T.G Concern with language change while M.L concern with language description. 4- T.G Consider the Latin language as a framework while M.L dose nit concern with Latin language as a framework 5-elements of language in T.G are morphology and syntax while in M.L concerned with phonology morphology syntax Semantics and pragmatic 6- T.G concern by philosophers like Aristotle and Plato while M.L concern with specialist *7- M.L concerned with the describe languages as it is while in T.G they prescribe rules, they obliged other to say something rather than say something The scope of linguistics Phonetics . The study of human speech sound. تايتوصلا ملع يرشبلا ملاكلا توص ةسارد . . Phrenology . The study of sound patterning in particular language غامدلا ةسارف ملع . ةنيعم ةغلب يتوصلا طيمنتلا ةسارد Syntax . The arrangement and the form Word ةلمجلا ءانب لكشلاو بيترتلا . ا ةملكل Semantic . The study of meaning of the word. ظافللأا تلالادب قلعتم . ةملكلا ىنعم ةسارد . Pragmatics