Almalyk branch chair of «social and humanitarian subjects»

TASHKENT STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER I.A.KARIMOV
ALMALYK BRANCH
CHAIR OF «SOCIAL AND HUMANITARIAN SUBJECTS»


SELF STUDY 2

Theme: Trends in modern machine building industry

Done by: Nabiyev A
Checked by: Vakhobova M

The machine industry or machinery industry is a subsector of the industry, that produces and maintains machines for consumers, the industry, and most other companies in the economy.

This machine industry traditionally belongs to the heavy industry. Nowadays, many smaller companies in this branch are considered part of the light industry. Most manufacturers in the machinery industry are called machine factories.
Overview[edit]
The machine industry is a subsector of the industry that produces a range of products from power tools, different types of machines, and domestic technology to factory equipment etc. On the one hand the machine industry provides:

• 
  The means of production for businesses in the agriculture, mining, industry and construction.
  
• 
  The means of production for public utility, such as equipment for the production and distribution of gas, electricity and water.
  
• 
  A range of supporting equipment for all sectors of the economy, such as equipment for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning of buildings.
  

These means of production are called capital goods, because a certain amount of capital is invested. Much of those production machines require regular maintenance, which becomes supplied specialized companies in the machine industry.
On the other end the machinery industry supplies consumer goods, including kitchen appliances, refrigerators, washers, dryers and a like. Production of radio and television, however, is generally considered belonging to the electrical equipment industry. The machinery industry itself is a major customer of the steel industry.
The production of the machinery industry varies widely from single-unit production and series production to mass production.^[1] Single-unit production is about constructing unique products, which are specified in specific customer requirements. Due to modular design such devices and machines can often be manufactured in small series, which significantly reduces the costs. From a certain stage in the production, the specific customer requirements are built-in, and the unique product is created.^[1]
History[edit]

Interior of the Swiss machine factory, late 19th century

Machine shop of Swiss machine factory Escher Wyss, 1875

Wilton machine factory and shipyard, c. 1918
See also: History of technology
The machinery industry came into existence during the Industrial Revolution. Companies in this emerging field grew out of iron foundries, shipyards, forges and repair shops.^[2] Often companies were a combination of machine factory and shipyard. Early in the 20th century several motorcycle and automobile manufacturers began their own machine factories.
Prior to the industrial revolution a variety of machines existed such as clocks, weapons and running gear for mills (watermill, windmill, horse mill etc.) Production of these machines were on much smaller scale in artisan workshops mostly for the local or regional market. With the advent of the industrial revolution manufacturing began of composite tools with more complex construction, such as steam engines and steam generators for the evolving industry and transport.^[2] In addition, the emerging machine factories started making machines for production machines as textile machinery, compressors, agricultural machinery, and engines for ships.