Ўзбекистон республикаси олий ва ўрта махсус таълим вазирлиги ўзбекистон давлат жаҳон тиллари университети

1) qualitative, which is divided into reduction Type A and Type B.

Type A (when the vowels i, e, y are in an unstressed position). Subjecting to this type of reduction these vowels are pronounced [ɪ]

'busy [' bɪzɪ] de'cay [dɪ ' keɪ] di 'vide [dɪ 'vaɪd]

Type B (when the vowels a, o, u are in an unstressed position). Subjecting to this type of reduction these vowels are pronounced [ə]

po 'lite [pə'laɪt] 'lyrical ['lɪrɪkəl ]

2. 
   quantitative. It is shortening of the length of a long vowel sound.
   

me [ mi˙] he [hi˙]

3. 
   complete. It is the disappearance of a vowel sound. It occurs when an unstressed vowel occupies the position after the stressed one and it is between a noiseless sound and a sonorant one.
   

'cotton ['ktn] 'lesson ['lesn]

Besides the mentioned above types of reduction, there are special cases of reduction which include all the vowels. They are:

1. 
   the vowel a if it precedes the combinations “-ate”, “-ade” “-age” is pronounced as /i/ in adjectives and nouns and is not reduced in verbs.
   

'regulate ['regjuleɪt] 'climate ['klaɪmɪt]

2. 
   the vowels a, e and i are pronounced as “ə” before “-nt”, “-nce”, “-ble”, “-n”, “-m”.
   

'silence ['saɪləns] 'student ['stju:dənt] 'solemn ['sləm] 'sullen ['slən]

3. 
   the vowel o in the first type of syllable is not reduced at the end of the word
   

po'tato [pə'teɪtou] 'photo ['foutou]

4. 
   the vowel u in the first type of syllable at the beginning and at the end of the word is not reduced and in the middle of the word is subjected to the quantitative reduction.
   

'institute ['ɪnstɪtju:t] u'nite [ju:'naɪt]

ˌedu'cation [ˌedju'keɪn] Note: [ˌeʤju'keɪn]

5. 
   the vowels are pronounced as /ə/ in the third and fourth types of syllables or are not reduced at all.
   

'summer ['smə] fore' see [f:'sɪ:] 'writer ['raɪtə ]

6. 
   the diagraphs ei, ey, ai, ay, ee, ea are pronounced as /i/
   

'mountain ['mauntɪn] 'always [':lwɪz]

'forehead ['frɪd], but 'vengeance ['venʤəns]

7. 
   the diagraph ou is prounounced as “ə”.
   

er' roneous [ɪ 'rounɪəs] 'various ['vərɪəs]

8. 
   the diagraph ow is not reduced and is pronounced [ou] in an unstressed position.
   

'window ['wɪndou]

9. 
   the diagraph oa is not reduced either.
   

'cocoa ['koukou]
TASK 1. Which of these three words in the box do you hear in these sentences? Write one word in each space.

and or but

1. 
   a) Milk…….. no sugar. 4. a) Jean … her friend.
   

b) Milk…….. no sugar. b) Jean … her friend.

2. 
   a) Paul …….. Alison. 5. a) … I want to go.
   

b) Paul …….. Alison. b) … I want to go.

3. 
   a) It was small….very heavy. 6. a) Red … green.
   

b) It was small….very heavy. b) Red … green.

TASK 2. Repeat these questions. Pronounce the verbs do, does and can with their weak forms.