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ex- meaning “former”

e.g.: 'ex'minister, 'ex'president

re- meaning "repetition" e.g.: 're'organize, 're'write

under- with various meanings

e.g.: 'under'go, 'under'feed, 'under'estimate, 'under^'do

anti- meaning "contrary", "against" e.g.: 'anti'war, 'anti'septic

sub- meaning "subordinate", "assistant" e.g.: 'sub-'editor, 'sub-'librarian

inter- denoting "among", "within" e.g.: 'inter'national

mis- denoting "wrong"

e.g.: 'misbe'have, 'misin'terpret, 'mis'take

vice- denoting “in place of” e.g.: 'vice-'admiral

over- meaning "too much" e.g.: 'over'estimate, 'over'work

pre- denoting "before", "earlier" e.g.: 'pre'war, 'pre'paid

out- meaning "surpass" e.g.: 'out'do, 'out'go, 'out'wit

arch- denoting “chief”e.g.: 'arch'deacon

Very common words with these prefixes sometimes lose the stress on the prefix in everyday usage e.g.: un'usual, im'possible, mis'take

The stress on the prefix is also lost in words which are not used without these prefixes. e.g.: dis'courage, dis'dain

Numerals from 13 to 19 in which the second primary stress falls on the suffix -teen

e.g.: 'four'teen, 'six'teen, 'nine'teen

Compound numerals

e.g.: 'twenty-'three, 'sixty-'five

Compound adjectives

e.g.: 'well-'known, 'kind-'hearted

Compound (composite) verbs consisting of a verb followed by a postposition or a preposition-like adverb which changes the primary meaning of the verb and as a result of it becomes very important and obtains a strong stress.

e.g.: to 'give 'in, to 'put 'on, to 'take 'off, to 'show 'off, to 'try 'on
TASK 2. Read the following words. Comment on the stress position.

volunteer - voluntary - voluntarily

photograph - photographer - photographic

technique - technical - technology - technological

character - characterize - characteristic - characteristically

person - personal - personality - personify - personification

economics - economic - economy - economical - economically
TASK 3. Which of the following words have the main stress in the syllable that the same with the root word. Write S (same) and D (different)
Familiar – familiarise (­­­­­­­­­­­­­­_________)

Apply- application (­­­­­­­­­­­­­­_________)

Divide- division (­­­­­­­­­­­­­­_________)

Normal- normality (­­­­­­­­­­­­­­_________)

Compete- competitive (­­­­­­­­­­­­­­_________)

Nation-national (­­­­­­­­­­­­­­_________)

Oppose- opposition (­­­­­­­­­­­­­­_________)

Academic-academician (­­­­­­­­­­­­­­_________)

Certificate-certification (­­­­­­­­­­­­­­_________)

TASK 4. Complete each pair of sentences using pairs of words from the box.

collide-collision compete-competitive divide-division example-exemplary

nation-national subscribe- subscription

1. 
   a. It costs £10 a year to ............................. to the sports centre.
   

2. 
   I've taken out an annual ………….. to the magazine.
   

2. 
   a We'll ........................... the money between us.
   

b Brighton football club was promoted to the first .........................

3. 
   a. It's difficult to stay .............................................................. in business.
   

b He was much faster and I couldn't .................. ....................... with him.

4. 
   a. Rod broke his leg in the ..................... .......................................... .
   

b They say the comet is going to ........................... with Saturn.

5. 
   a. She set a good ................ to her younger sister.
   

b Their behaviour was ………………… .

6. 
   a The first of May is a ..... .. ....................... ........ ................ holiday.
   

b Practically the whole............................................. watched the eclipse.
Listen and check your answer. (pr.in use adv 13.3)

Lesson 20

Types of reduction. Strong and weak forms of words