Ўзбекистон республикаси олий ва ўрта махсус таълим вазирлиги ўзбекистон давлат жаҳон тиллари университети

Exercise 20. Transcribe the following words.

Words	Transcription
which wheat wheel who whole whose wreak wrest wrong wring write wrap quack quite quail antique conquer vogue league rogue morgue dialogue guardian guess guilty guard guest fuss boss mussel lesson vessel motion ration faction nation audition mission omission vision decision closure measure pleasure leisure torture structure architecture nature racial facial special crucial

Lesson 13

Digraphs and their features

Lead in

A. Compare the letters and sounds of the following words and say whether a sound is always expressed with one letter or sometimes it may be expressed with more than one letter.

Words	Transcriptions	Words	Transcriptions
cat pet see law bean seize taught	/kæt/ /pet/ /sı:/ /lɔ:/ /bı:n/ /sı:z/ /tɔ:t/	pot bit key beer chair country receive	/pɔt/ /bit/ /kı:/ /bıə/ /ʧeə/ /′kʌntri/ /rı′sı:v/

B. Read the words having a sound expressed with more than one letter given in the task A and discuss whether there are such sounds in your mother tongue.
Task 1. Study what a digraph is.

There are some speech sounds which are expressed with more than one letter in English. Such sounds may be found among both vowels and consonants. If more than one consonant letter are pronounced with one sound, this sequence of letters is called a letter combination. If more than one vowel letter are pronounced with one sound, this sequence of letters is called a digraph.

Task 2. Study the digraphs ‘ее’, ‘ea’, ‘oi’, ‘oy’, ‘ei’, ‘ey’.

The digraph ‘ee’ is pronounced with the long /i:/ in the stressed syllable: bee, see, knee. It is pronounced with the short /i/ in the unstressed syllable: coffee.

The digraph ‘ea’ is pronounced with the long /i:/ in the stressed syllable: tea, sea. It is pronounced with the short /i/ in the unstressed syllable: forehead. The digraph ‘ea’ is pronounced with the sound /e/ before the consonants ‘d’, ‘v’ and ‘th’: ready, heavy, breath.

The digraph ‘oi’ is pronounced with the diphthong /oi/ in the stressed and unstressed syllables: oil, boil; typhoid.

The digraph ‘oy’ is pronounced with the diphthong /oi/ in the stressed syllable: coy, joy, toy.

The digraph ‘ei’ is pronounced with the diphthong /ei/ in the stressed syllable: eight, vein. It is pronounced with the short /i/ in the unstressed syllable: foreign.

The digraph ‘ey’ is pronounced with the diphthong /ei/ in the stressed syllable: hey, grey. It is pronounced with the short /i/ in the unstressed syllable: money.
Task 3. Study the digraphs ‘ou’, ‘ow’, ‘eu’, ‘ew’, ‘au’, ‘aw’, ‘oa’, ‘oe’.

The digraph ‘ou’ is pronounced with the diphthongs /au/ in the stressed syllable: sound, count. There are some exceptions: country, couple, soup, group. It is pronounced with the short /ә/ in the unstressed syllable: nervous.

The digraph ‘ow’ is pronounced with the diphthong /au/ and /әu/ in the stressed syllable: how, blow. It is pronounced with the short /әu/ in the unstressed syllable: window.

The digraph ‘eu’ is pronounced with the sound /ju:/ in the stressed and unstressed syllables: neutral; neutrality.

The digraph ‘ew’ is pronounced with the sound /ju:/ in the stressed and unstressed syllables: new, few; nephew. There are some exceptions: drew, blew, sew.

The digraph ‘au’ is usually pronounced with the sound /ɔ:/: pause, taught. The word ‘aunt’ is exception.

The digraph ‘aw’ is pronounced with the sound /ɔ:/ : saw, law.

The digraph ‘oa’ is pronounced with the diphthong /әu/ in the stressed and unstressed syllables: boat, coat; cocoa.

The digraph ‘oe’ is pronounced with the diphthong /әu/: toe.
Task 4. Study the digraphs ‘ее+r’, ‘ai+r’, ‘ei+r’, ‘ea+r’, ‘oa+r’, ‘oo+r’, ‘ou+r’.

The digraph ‘ee+r’ is pronounced with the diphthong /iә/: beer, deer.

The digraph ‘ai+r’ is pronounced with the diphthong /eә/: stair, hair.

The digraph ‘ei+r’ is pronounced with the diphthong /eә/: their.

The digraph ‘ea+r’ is pronounced with the diphthong /iә/: fear, dear. There are some exceptions: earth, learn.

The digraph ‘oa+r’ is pronounced with the sound /ɔ:/ : board.

The digraph ‘oo+r’ is pronounced with the diphthong /uә/: boor. There are some exceptions: floor, door.

The digraph ‘ou+r’ is pronounced with the diphthong /au/ in the stressed syllable: hour, flour. It is pronounced with the sound /ә/ in the unstressed syllable: labour, honour.

Task 5. Do the following exercises: