Zahiriddin muhammad bobur nomidagi andijon davlat universiteti ingliz tili grammatikasi kafedrasi



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Типология (1)

Lang-
uage

S i m p l e s e n t e n c e
T y p e s

One member

Two member

Extended

Unexten-ded

Personal

Impersonal

Declarative

Interogative

Imperative

Exclamatory


English

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Uzbek

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Russian

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As the matrix shows the compared languages have similar simple sentence systems as to the structural and semantical or communicative types of the former.


Dissimilarities, then, are sure to lie in the grammatical categories of the sentence types in the compared languages.
One of the striking features of the Uzbek language is that sentence structure, may be devoid of subject, for predicate has an ending indicating the subject for example, бораман (мен), борасан (сен), борамиз (биз), so such a typological feature of Modern Uzbek allows subject even to be omitted from the sentence structure.The same can be said of the Russian in principle, but never of English, for it's an analytical language with potentially homonymical verb and other forms. For example: work (may mean) - (I) work, (You) work, (We) work.
In general linguistics "sentence" has still been remaining one of the disputable and unsolved problems of grammar both structurally and semantically.
There are more than tens of definitions of a "sentence" in linguistics but non of them is generally accepted as a happy one. Nevertheless among the definitions of a sentence the one which was offered by L.S. Barkhudarov seems to be more suitable for comparative typological analysis of the former.
So, according to L.S.Barkhudarov "A sentence is a nominal group plus a verb group" representing a subject-predicate structure. For example:
I study here
(Мен) шу ерда ўқийман
(Я) учусь здeсь
This definition works equally well in relation to sentence types called "nominative sentences" in the languages compared. For example:
Winter
Киш
Зима
These are sentences, or better-sentences partitioned or ellipted for the sake of brevity and laconism of expression.
So the above nominative sentences are then the transforms or derivatives of such normal sentence types as "Winter has come, Киш келди, Зима пришла or"."It is winter now,Хозир киш, Cейчас зима".
The structural types of simple sentences in the three languges coinside in principle, all allomorphic features oftheir's being observed in the structural parts of the formeras is shown in the comparative typological martix below:





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