Zahiriddin muhammad bobur nomidagi andijon davlat universiteti ingliz tili grammatikasi kafedrasi

LECTURE 11 (2 hours)
THEME: COMPARATIVE TYPOLOGY OF POLYTAXEMES (COMPOSITE SENTENCES) IN MODERN ENGLISH AND UZBEK AND RUSSIAN
Plan:

1. 
   What is a Polytaxeme (Composite sentence) in Modern English and Uzbek/Russian?
   
2. 
   What is a Parataxeme (Compound sentence) in Modern English and Uzbek/Russian?
   
3. 
   What is a Hypotaxeme (Complex sentence) in Modern English and Uzbek/Russian?
   
4. 
   What subtypes of a Hypotaxeme (Complex sentence) in Modern English and Uzbek/Russian do you know?
   
5. 
   What is a semi-complex sentence?
   
6. 
   What is a semi-complex sentence in Modern English and Uzbek/Russian?
   
7. 
   What is a semi-complex sentence in Modern English and Uzbek/Russian?
   
8. 
   What is a semi-compound sentence in Modern English and Uzbek/Russian?
   
9. 
   What semantic (communicative) types of simple and composite sentences are there in Modern English and Uzbek/Russian?
   
10. 
    What are the similar (isomorphic) and dissimilar (allomorphic) features of the sentences in Modern English and Uzbek/Russian?
    
11. 
    What are the factors causing similar (isomorphic) and dissimilar (allomorphic) features of the composite sentences in Modern English and Uzbek/Russian?
    

Key words: composite sentence, compound sentence, complex sentence, semi-complex sentence, semi-compound sentence, cleft sentences, structural classification of composite sentences, semantic classification of composite sentences, isomorphic and allomorphic features of composite sentences, comparativre quantitative typology of composite sentences, comparativre qualitative typology of composite sentences.
The course of the lecture
In the languages compared, like a simple sentence, a composite sentence is a language unit consisting of at least two or three simple sehtences either coordinated or subordinated (or even co-sub-coordinated or sub-co-subordinated) . This universal definition proves right , if we recognize the three structural types of a composite sentence in the languages compared:

1. 
   Compound ( with coordinated clauses):
   

I came late, but he came there on time
Мeн кeч кeлдим, лeкин ўз вақтидa у ерга кeлди.
Я пришeл поздно, но он пришeл тудa во врeмя.

2. 
   сomplex sentence (with subordinated clauses):
   

If I come home, they will help me
Aгaр мeн уйгa кeлсaм,улaр мeнгa ёрдaм бeришaди.
Eсли я приду домой, они помогут мнe.

3. 
   mixed type of a Composite sentence :
   

When I come home , there will be nobody inside, but the dog will be barking.
Мeн уйga кeлсaм, ичкaридa хeч ким бўлмaйди, лeкин ит ҳурaётгaн бўлaди.
Когда я приду домой, внутри никого нe будeт, но собaкa будeт лaять.
In the compared languages there are such compound sentence subtypes as:

1. 
   compound sentence with copulative coordination:
   
2. 
   compound sentence with disjunctive coordination:
   
3. 
   compound sentence with adversative coordination:
   
4. 
   compound sentence with causative-consecutive coordination.
   

Our observations have shown that the compared languages have the same structural types of complex sentences with:

1. 
   nominal ( subject, predicative, object, attributive, appositive) clauses:
   
2. 
   adverbial (time, place, reason/cause, purpose, condition, concession, result, manner, comparison, measure and degree) clauses.
   

Besides that in the compared languages we have established such new types of composite sentences as:

1. 
   Composite sentence with a parenthetical clause:
   

1. 
   introductiory clause (As you know, we are poor)
   
2. 
   inserted clause (Jack, as you know, is a good specialist)
   
3. 
   postposed clause (Jack, is a good specialist, as you know)
   

2. 
   Composite sentence with a supplementive clause (Jack (he is my friend) is at home now).
   
3. 
   Composite sentence with clauses of propotion (ality)
   

(The more you read, the more you know)
Now, let's see what is particular about the composite sentence systems of the languages compared in the matrix below, where there are both isomorphic and allomorphic features to be traced:

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