З. И. Вайнштейн Л. С. Плебейская

We are interested how moist rales are determined in case of pneumonia.

1 don’t mind if you will operate on me.

IV*. Откройте скобки, употребив нужные формы причастий:
1. (То make) the discovery of filterable viruses Dmitry Ivanovsky determined the cause of the tobacco mosaic disease. 2. The book The Anatomy of Cardiac Blood Vessels (to compose) by S. Samoylova after her numerous investigations was published in 1970. 3. On having performed the operation the surgeon must carry out all the procedures (to prevent) from the infection.

2. 
   (To relieve) of all the painful symptoms the male patient fell asleep.
   

V*. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод стоящих перед герундием предлогов:
1. On changing the administered treatment the physician considered that the patient’s condition would become better. 2. In making scientific observations one must be particularly careful. 3. Cardiac impairments are revealed by taking electrocardiograms. 4. Blood cannot be transfused without its group being determined first.

6. 
   1. Прочтите и переведите текст D, пользуясь словарем.
   

2. 
   Выпишите неправильные глаголы и дайте их три формы. 3. Выучите выделенные слова и выражения. 4. Перескажите содержание текста.
   

Text D

1. 
   went to my medical man. He is my old friend. He feels my pulse, and looks at my tongue, and talks about the weather, when I consider that I am ill. I thought I would do him a good turn by going to him now. “What a doctor wants,” I said, “is practice. He shall have me. He will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred patients with only one
   

Unit 2. Hospitals

167

or two diseases each.” So l went to him and saw him, and he said, “Well, what’s the matter with you?” I said, “I will not take up your time, dear boy, with telling you what is the matter with me. But I will tell you what is not the matter with me. I have not got housemaid’s knee¹. Why I have not got housemaid’s knee, I cannot tell you; but the fact is that 1 have not got it. Everything else, however, 1 have got.”
And I told him how I came to discover it all.
Then he opened me and looked down me² and clutched hold of my wrist³ and then he hit me over the chest when I wasn’t expecting it, and immediately afterwards butted me with the side of his head. After that, he sat down and wrote out a prescription and gave it to me, and I put it in my pocket and went out.
I did not open the prescription. I took it to the nearest chemist’s and handed it in. The man read it, and then handed it back.
He said he did not keep it.
I said, “You are a chemist?”
He said, “I am a chemist. If I was a co-operative store and family hotel combined, I might be able to give you such a remedy.”
Then I read the prescription. It ran:
“1 beefsteak with 1 pint bitter beer every six hours 1 ten-mile walk every morning 1 bed at 11 sharp every night'
And don’t stuff up your head with things you don’t understand.”
1 followed the directions with the happy result — speaking for myself — that my life was preserved and is still going on.
(Excerpt from “Three Men in a Boat” by Jerome K. Jerome)
Notes

1. 
   housemaid’s knee — воспаление коленной чаиГечки
   
2. 
   he opened me and looked down me — зд. он расстегнул мою одежду и осмотрел сверху донизу
   
3. 
   clutched hold of my wrist — схватил меня за запястье
   

CLASS ASSIGNMENTS

6. 
   Translate the following word combinations:
   

1) я пошел в стационар; он ходит в аптеку; он только что ушел в поликлинику; 2) врач прощупал пульс; я чувствую себя хорошо; испытываемая боль; 3) снять электрокардиограмму; сестра измерила

168

Cycle V. Medical Institutions

температуру; сестра только что взяла у меня кровь для анализа;

4. 
   врач выписывает рецепты; вчера врач выписал рецепты этому больному; врач только что выписал мне рецепт на микстуру.
   

6. 
   Choose the appropriate verb. Translate the sentences:
   

1. When does the physician (expect, wait for) to discharge this patient from the hospital? 2. Please (wait for, expect) the doctor a little. He will be back soon. 3. The scientist (expected, waited for) that his investigations would enable him to determine the origin of the infectious process.

6. 
   Translate the following sentences with gerundial constructions:
   

1. Mother expected my being examined by this neurologist. 2. In spite of not having any university education Faraday made his great discoveries. 3. I heard of his being sent to the Congress of Physiologists in Moscow.

6. 
   Read and translate the medical terms:
   

aetiology [^ti'nlacfei], pathogenesis [.paeBa'cfcenisis], mechanism I'mekanizam], visual [Ччзиэ1], palpation [psel'peifn], percussion [рэ'кл/п], auscultation [piskal'teifn], cystoscopy [si'stnskapi], edema [I'dkma], haemorrhage ['hemaricfc], objective [ab'cfcektiv], subjective [sAb'd3ektiv],

6. 
   1. Read Text E using a dictionary. 2. Memorize the words in bold type.
   

2. 
   Be ready to answer the questions on the text.
   

Text E. Examination of the Patient
Before treating the patient it is necessary to make a correct diagnosis of the disease and to determine its aetiology, i.e. the causes of the disease. The doctor must know well the pathogenesis of any disease, i.e. the way and mechanism of its development, as well as the symptoms by which it can be revealed.
A number of different procedures is used to establish a diagnosis: history-taking, physical examination, which includes visual examination, palpation, percussion, auscultation, laboratory studies,Consisting of urinalysis, blood, sputum and other analyses; instrumental studies, for example, taking electrocardiograms or cystoscopy, X-ray examination and others.
For determining a disease it is very important to know its symptoms such as breathlessness, edema, cough, vomiting, fever, haemorrhage, headache and others. Some of these symptoms are objective, for example, haemorrhage or vomiting, because they are determined by objective study, while others, such as headache or dizziness (головокружение), are subjective since they are evident only to the patient.

Unit 2. Hospitals

169

LESSON 33
HOME ASSIGNMENTS
Revision

1. 
   Повторите правила словообразования, грамматические правила, лексический и текстовой материал цикла V (уроки 27-32).
   
2. 
   Прочтите и переведите следующие слова, найдя в них суффиксы и префиксы:
   

restless, overdosage, intramuscular, sleepless, overweight, intravenous, painless, intratracheal, overestimate, useless, overwork.

3. 
   Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
   

1. В каких предложениях будущее время заменяется настоящим?

2. 
   Назовите формулу группы времен Continuous Passive. 3. Назовите сложные формы причастия и герундия. 4. По каким признакам вы определите герундий в предложении?
   

4. 
   Переведите пары предложений и определите, чем различаются их сказуемые:
   

1. I am examining. I am being examined. 2. The nurse was giving intravenous injections when we came in. Intravenous injections were being given to the nurse as she herself was ill at that time. 3. Now neurologist Smirnov is administering a new treatment. Now neurologist Smirnov is being administered a new treatment.

5. 
   Определите ing-forms в следующих предложениях:
   

1. Filling in a case history a therapeutist must pay attention to exact findings of the analyses. 2. Having prevented the spread of inflammation the surgeon could save the life of the patient. 3. The attending doctor’s filling in the case history with exact Findings enabled the students to follow the whole course of treatment of the patient. 4. On having prevented serious complications the surgeon considered that the patient would recover soon.

2. 
   Being at the Congress the scientists exchanged their opinions (мнения) on many definite problems. 6. His being in Saint Petersburg was connected with the publishing of his new book.
   

6. 
   В следующих предложениях найдите герундий. Предложения переведите:
   

1. Besides being important for industry oxygen is also important for medicine. 2. In addition to depending upon the environment the development of the

170

Cycle V. Medical Institutions

child depends on the condition of its health. 3. Mother insisted on my being examined by a physician. 4. On being relieved of an acute pain in the heart area the patient was allowed to sit up. 5. A researcher cannot draw a proper conclusion without having carried out numerous experiments. 6. Through being prescribed an effective treatment the patient made a quick recovery.

7. 
   Выпишите все слова, необходимые для описания работы: а) врача в поликлинике; б) врача стационара.
   
8. 
   1. Прочтите и переведите текст F со словарем. 2. Выделите три основных момента при обследовании больного и раскройте их содержание. 3. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний: получить толковый ответ; чувствовать себя непринужденно; установить точную область; отмечать все видимые признаки; необычные симптомы; вы могли бы спросить, точно выяснить неясности.
   

Text F. How to Take the Case
When we become doctors, we should always remember the following things. .
As soon as the patient enters the consulting room or when we enter his room, observation should begin immediatly. We look for external signs and symptoms as long as the professional visit lasts.
How do you begin the consultation with the patient? A first requirement is to develope a feeling of sympathy with the patient by your questions, your actions, your interest in him and his troubles. Select and choose^: your questions well to be adequate for the situation.
Now when the patient begins to tell you his complaints, his sings and symptoms, and various diagnostic terms that have been given to his disease, you should carefully note what he is telling you.
When the patient has finished his description, it is for you to make clear some points he did not give in details. Your questions must be understood by the patient well to get a meaningful answer.
When questioning the patient, your aim should be to make the patient feel free, so that he tells you everything. The patient must feel at his ease. Never hurry him, that is the worst thing you can do. When you record his symptoms, be sure to have the exact expressions used.
Always ascertain the exact region in which the patient feels this or that. When the patient has finished his story, and you have ascertained some points, then it is the time to make your physical examination. There again

Unit 2. Hospitals

171

be very observant and note all the visible signs or symptoms in all the regions of the body.
A good physical examination is important. First, because only by knowing his physical impairments of his past diseases can you differentiate between strong, rare and particular symptoms, and symptoms logically depending upon these results, i.e. common symptoms.
Secondly, a physical examinations is important to establish the prognosis of the case: sometimes without a physical examination you cannot say if something is malignant or benign. The prognosis may be very different. If there is a malignancy you need more time for the cure than with a benign case if cure is possible.
Thirdly, a physical examination is important to establish an exact diagnosis. You might ask why is an exact diagnosis important? It is needed for the administration of a proper treatment.
So you see now how to take the case: first, let the patient tell you his symptoms. Secondly, try to clear up indistinct things precisely by careful questioning. Thirdly, make your physical examination.
CLASS ASSIGNMENTS
Revision

9. 
   Find the word-building elements. Translate the words:
   

a) painful — painless, restful — restless, hopeful — hopeless; b) breathlessness, sleeplessness; c) intercostal, intramuscular, interspace, intrapleural.

10. 
    Translate the following sentences paying attention to the meaning of the words in bold type:
    

1. We call “aetiology” the causes of a disease. 2. We call in a doctor when some of our relatives is seriously ill. 3. I cannot find this patient’s temperature chart. 4. I cannot find out any changes in the course of this patient’s disease. 5. He cannot carry this heavy box. 6. He can carry out this difficult experiment.

11. 
    Translate the following sentences. Define ing-forms:
    

1. A tooth is covered with a thin layer of enamel (эмаль) preventing it from being destroyed. 2. The increasing flow of blood into the lungs is associated with breathing out. 3. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide being higher in the venous blood enables the passing of carbon dioxide from the blood into alveolar air. 4. Being associated with the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood the respiratory rate and its depth change according to it. 5. On having

172

Cycle V. Medical Institutions

been formed in the cortex conditioned reflexes determine many actions of the human being.

12. 
    Translate the following sentences paying attention to the meaning of the word ‘both’: