З. И. Вайнштейн Л. С. Плебейская

Грамматика: функции Past Participle и Present Participle. One — ones, that — those как заменители существительных. ^{* 1}

LESSON 13
HOME ASSIGNMENTS
Запомните:

1. Буквосочетание oa читается [эи]: coat [kaut] оболочка.

2. 
   Суффикс -ous [as] образует прилагательные от существительных и глаголов: famous ['feimas] знаменитый, известный.
   
3. 
   Суффиксы -ary (-ery, -огу) [ап] образуют существительные и прилагательные: surgery ['s3:cfeari] хирургия; pulmonary ['рл1тэпэп] легочный.
   
4. 
   Префикс inter- [inta(r)] переводится меж-, между-, среди-, взаимно-, interaction [.intar'eekfn] взаимодействие; intercostal [inta'kostl] межреберный', interspace [.inta'speis] промежуток (пространства, времени)-, international [.inta'naejhal] международный.
   
5. 
   Префикс sub- соответствует в русском языке префиксу под: to divide разделять — to subdivide подразделять.
   

80 Cycle II. Anatomy

1. 
   Прочтите:
   

road, moan, soap, load, foam, soak, throat.

2. 
   Прочтите и переведите:
   

1. 
   fibrous, numerous, continuous, venous, nervous; 2) ordinary, alimentary, primary, secondary, respiratory; 3) subdivision, subacute, subtropical, subcostal, subcutaneous, subclass, subserous.
   

3. 
   Прочтите предложения и ответьте на вопрос:
   

1. 
   The delivered lecture was very interesting. 2. The lecture delivered interested everybody. 3. The lecture delivered yesterday by Prof. Smirnov was very interesting.
   

Какую функцию выполняет Past Participle в каждом из этих предложений и как переводится?
IV*. Определите, чем являются слова examined и changed в каждом предложении и какую функцию они выполняют? Переведите предложения:
А. 1. The therapeutist examined the patient yesterday. 2. The patient was examined by the therapeutist attentively. 3. The patient examined by the therapeutist yesterday felt bad. 4. The examined patient was ill with a heart disease.
Б. 1. The doctor saw the changed condition of the patient. 2. That was why he changed the administrations (назначения) to this patient. 3. The administrations were changed to restore his health rapidly. 4. The nurse did not forget to carry out the administrations changed by the doctor.

5. 
   Пользуясь табл. 11 (с. 276), ответьте на вопрос:
   

Какие английские слова употребляются для замены ранее упомянутых существительных в единственном и во множественном числе во избежание их повторения? ^{VI. VII.}

VI. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на слова one — ones,
that — those: *
1.1 don’t like this book, give me another one. 2. The bones of the extremities are longer than those of the spine. 3. The bones of the skull are those which compose the head and the face. 4. This lecture is more interesting than the one I attended last week. 5. The weight of the lung is less than that of the heart.

VII. Запомните произношение следующих слов. Какие из этих слов вам уже знакомы в латинском языке?
vascular ['vaeskjub] сосудистый

Unit 2. The Inner Organs of the Human Body

81

pericardium [.peri'kcrdiam] околосердечная сумка (перикард)
apex [’eipeks] верхушка
interspace [.inta'speis] промежуток
costal [kostl] реберный
septum ['septэт] перегородка
atrium ['eitriam] предсердие
ventricle [Ventrikl] желудочек
valve [vaelv] клапан
fibrous [faibrss] волокнистый, фиброзный systemic [sis'temik] системный pulmonary ['рл1шэпзп] легочный
portal ['po:tl] воротной, относящийся к воротной вене (портальный)

8. 
   Выучите следующие слова: inner [тз] а внутренний
   

within [wi'din] ргр внутри; adv внутрь
include [in'klu:d] v заключать, включать, содержать в себе
male [meil] п мужчина
female [*fi:meil] п женщина
separate ['seprat] а отдельный; v ['sepsreit] отделять(ся) chamber ['tfeimbs] п камера
thick [Gik] а толстый, большой толщины; плотный; густой layer [Тею] п слой; листок (плевры)
locate [lau'keit] v располагать; определять местонахождение
carry ['kseri] v нести, носить; переносить (о болезни)
lung [U13] п легкое
liver [Tiva] п печень
coat [ksut] п оболочка; налет
dilate [dai'leit] v расширять(ся); увеличить(ся); растягивать(ся) contract [ksn'traekt] v сокращать(ся) ¹

8. 
   Прочтите и переведите следующие слова и словосочетания:
   

1. 
   chamber ['tfeimba]: the heart consists of two separate chambers; the right atrium and the right ventricle are in the right chamber;
   
2. 
   thick [9ik]: a thick wall; thick layer; the walls of the left atrium are thick; the left ventricle has thick walls;
   
3. 
   pulmonary ['рл1тэпэп]: pulmonary artery; pulmonary circulation; pulmonary disease; pulmonary function; pulmonary valve;
   
4. 
   dilate [dai'leit]: dilated; to be dilated; the vessels dilate; the heart dilates and contracts.
   

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Cycle II. Anatomy

8. 
   1. Прочтите текст A. 2. Выпишите слова с суффиксами -ous, -ary, -егу и префиксом inter-. 3. Найдите и переведите предложения, содержащие: a) Past Participle; б) Present Participle; в) one — ones, that — those.
   

4. 
   Напишите план текста.
   

Text A. The Heart and the Vascular System
The heart is an inner hollow muscular organ placed within the chest and included in the pericardium. The base of the heart is against the third rib. Its apex is against the interspace between the fifth and sixth costal cartilages. The weight of the heart is about 300 grams (g) in the male and about 220 g in the female.
The heart consists of two separate chambers divided by the septum. Each of the chambers has two connected parts: the atrium and the ventricle. The atrioventricular valves separate the atria from the ventricles.
The right atrium is larger than the left one, but the walls of the left atrium are thicker than those of the right one. The right ventricle is triangular (треугольный) in form and has thick walls. The right ventricle is in the anterior part of the heart. The left ventricle is longer and more conical than the right one. The walls of the left ventricle are three times as thick as the walls of the right one. The valves are located at the entrance and exit (выход) of each ventricle.
The muscular structure of the heart consists of two parts — the muscular layers of the atria and the muscular layers of the ventricles.
The vascular system consists of three groups of vessels — arteries, veins and capillaries.
The vessels carrying blood to and from the tissues of the body compose the general circulation. They are called the systemic vessels.
The pulmonary circulation is formed by the vessels carrying blood to and from the lungs.
The portal system is formed by the veins passing to the liver.
Most of the arteries are composed of three coats. The arteries dilate and contract simultaneously with the action of the heart.
CLASS ASSIGNMENTS

8. 
   Read the following words and explain the pronunciation of the letter combinations in bold type:
   

coat, count, cause, law, load, loud, autopsy, saw, soak, sound, nausea, raw, moan, amount, gauze, road.

Unit 2. The Inner Organs of the Human Body

83

8. 
   Form and translate the new words by adding:
   

1. 
   the prefix sub-: divide, tropical, class, cutaneous, costal, family, mucous;
   
2. 
   the prefix inter-: costal, national, muscular, vertebral, ventricular, vascular.
   

8. 
   Form the Past Participle of the verbs given in brackets. State their functions. Translate the following sentences:
   

1. 
   The patient (admit) to the hospital was a 45-year-old female. 2. The inner organs (include) in the thoracic cavity are the heart and the lungs.
   

3. 
   The blood (carry) to the lungs is called venous blood.
   

8. 
   Give the English equivalents:
   

1. 
   в три раза толще, чем стенки; 2) малый (легочный) круг кровообращения; 3) большой круг кровообращения; 4) кровообращение в системе воротной вены.
   

8. 
   Choose the necessary Participle. Translate the sentences:
   

1. 
   The blood vessels (located, locating) on the anterior surface of the arm were dilated. 2. The vessels (carried, carrying) blood to the heart are called veins. 3. The lungs are the inner organs (included, including) in the thoracic cavity. 4. The muscular structure of the heart (consisted, consisting), of two parts includes muscular layers of the artria and muscular layers of ventricles.
   

8. 
   Read the following sentences and define instead of what words the substitutes one — ones, that — those are used:
   

1. 
   The condition of patient M. is worse than that of patient N. 2. The number of the vertebrae in the coccyx is less than the number of those in the neck. 3. The bones of the lower extremities are longer than those of the upper ones.
   

8. 
   Read Text B. Entitle it. Say what it deals with.
   

Text В
In the left chamber the atrium and ventricle are separated by the mitral ['maitral] valve.
In the right chamber the atrium and ventricle are separated by the tricuspid [trai'kAspid] valve.
At the point of origin of the aorta in the left ventricle another valve is located. This valve is called the semilunar [,semi'lu:na] valve of the aorta.
At the point of origin of the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle the fourth valve is located. It is called the semilunar valve of the pulmonary artery.

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Cycle II. Anatomy

LESSON 14
HOME ASSIGNMENTS

1. 
   Запомните чтение следующих слов:
   

respiratory [ra'spirotari] дыхательный, респираторный
mediastinum [.miiclis'staiпэгп] средостение