Аннотация.
Данная статья посвящена исследованию суфизма, его происхождению, об
их этапах становления, об авторах «классических наставлений», которые внесли
значительный вклад в развитие суфизма и своим ценным взглядам на мистику, ее развитие
как исламская наука, которая призывает человека к совершенству, особенно посредством
работ Фариддун Аттар
a.
Ключевые слова:
суфизм, мистицизм, секуляризм, зухд, тасавуф, секта, суфийское
братство, самовыражение, эманация, Коран и сунна, самоуничижение
Abstract. This article is devoted to the investigation of Sufism, its origin, about their stages of
formation,about
the authors of the “classical manuals”who have made a significant contribution to
the development of Sufismand their valuable views on mysticism, its development as the Islamic
science that calls man to perfection especially by means of Farididdun Attar
’
s works.
Key words: sufism, mysticism,secularism, zuhd, tasawwuf, sect, Sufi brethren, self-expression,
emanation, Qur
’
an and the Sunnah, self-mortification.
Sufism is the most honorable of the Islamic sciences, which teaches one to attain
enlightenment, purity of spirit and soul, and to know and love Allah. Sufism arose as a result of the
inner development of Islam and the understanding of the spiritual life. It has served as a roadmap
for Muslims to maturity. If we look at the origin of the words "mysticism" or "Sufi", there are
several hypotheses about their origin. According to the view accepted by medieval Muslim authors,
the word Sufism is derived from the Arabic word “
sufi
” (in Eng.
-
wool
), and people belonging to
this group were called Sufis because they wore fur coats made of leatherof sheep. Sufis see their
origins as
as-saf("purity"
),
quality ("property"
) or
ahl as-suffa
(
"seat"
or
"people in the canopy"
), a
word was applied to the poor companions of the Prophet Muhammad. They lived in a mo sque in
Madinah and were distinguished by their secularism. Some scholars have concluded that these
words were not in Arabic. Until the beginning of the twentieth century, the word mysticism was
thought to be derived from the Greek word
sofia
("
wisdom
"). In the early stages of the formation of
sufism, the word
zuhd
was used instead of the word
mysticism
. Muslim scholars and historians
conventionally divide the history of Sufism into three periods: Zuhda (secularism), Tasawwuf
(Sufism), and Sect (Sufi brethren). The period of
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