Writing: Model

The table below gives information on the ages of the populations of Yemen and Italy in 2000 and gives projections for 2050.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main featu- res, and make comparisons where relevant.

The charts compare the percentages of three different age groups in the Ital- ian and Yemeni populations in 2000 and provide estimations for 2050.

Overall, the charts indicate that the most populous age category in each of the years and countries studied was the 15 to 59 year olds, except for Yemen in 2000 when it was second to children under fifteen.

Looking at Yemen, in 2000, the youngest contingent made up just over half of the population, but this figure is predicted to drop by 13.1% in 2050. In con- trast, the proportion of the population aged 60 and over will reportedly rise by

2.1% to 5.7% and that of 15 to 59 year olds by 11 percentage points to
57.3%.

Regarding Italy, its elderly accounted for almost a quarter of the population in 2000, and this is forecast to grow to 42.3% fifty years hence. Conversely, pro- jections suggest that the middle age group will shrink from just over three fifths to 46.2% of the populations, and the proportion of those in the youngest bracket is estimated to decrease from 14.3% to 11.5%.

The diagram below shows how geothermal energy is used to produce electricity.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main fea- tures, and make comparisons where relevant.

Source: Cambridge IELTS 12

The illustration demonstrates the process by which geothermal energy is har- nessed to generate electricity.

Overall, the process consists of six key steps, half of which occur under- ground and the other half of which take place overground.

Beginning with the first half, after cold water is pumped down 4.5km beneath the earth’s surface, it reaches an injection well. The injection well transmits the water through the geothermal zone, which is composed of hot rocks, be- fore it arrives at a production well. The newly heated water is then pumped back up via this well to the surface.

Overground, a condenser is set up to collect the hot water and then send its steam through a narrow opening toward a turbine. The steam powers the ro- tation of the turbine, which in turn powers a generator to which it is connect- ed. This generator finally produces electricity, which can subsequently be transmitted to electrical towers in order to reach the electrical grid.