Writing: Model

The chart below shows the total number of minutes (in billions) of tele- phone calls in the UK, divided into three categories, from 1994 to 2001.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main fea- tures, and make comparisons where relevant.



100

75

50

25

0
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
The chart illustrates how many minutes were spent on three different types of telephone calls between the years of 1994 and 2001.

In general, it can be seen that, throughout the period, call time was highest for local fixed lines, whereas it was lowest for mobile phones. Moreover, the degree of difference between the three categories shrank over the second half of the period.

Focusing firstly on fixed line calls, the popularity of national and international calls rose steadily during the period, increasing from 38 billion minutes spent on them in 1994 to 60 billion in 2001. Minutes spent on local calls also grew initially, rising from a starting figure of 71 billion to a peak of 91 billion in 1998; however, this trend reversed direction thereafter and by 2001 the figure had slipped back to 70 billion.

Regarding mobile phones, the number of minutes spent on this form of telecommunication was roughly 2 billion in 1994. Having experienced only

gradual growth to reach 12 billion in 1998, mobile call minutes then rocketed to finish at around 44 billion in 2001.

The bar chart below shows the top ten countries for the production and consumption of electricity in 2013.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main fea- tures, and make comparisons where relevant.





China United States
Russia Japan India Canada France Brazil Germany
Korea. Rep.

0 1500 3000 4500 6000

Adapted from Cambridge IELTS 13 Test 3
The chart reveals the ten countries which produced and consumed the most electricity in 2013 and provides figures for these amounts in kWh.

Overall, what stands out from the chart is that China and the United States were by far the largest and second largest producers and users of electricity respectively. Furthermore, Germany and the Republic of Korea were the only countries studied where consumption was higher than production.

Focusing on electricity production, China generated 5398 billion kWh, the highest quantity, while the US placed second with 4099 billion. These figures were significantly greater than those of the remaining countries, with Russia

in third place, recording 1057 billion kWh, and the Republic of Korea in tenth, generating 485.1 billion.

Turning to consumption, the US used 3866 billion kWh, making it the country with the biggest surplus of electricity. The second largest surplus was in India, where consumption was 698.8 billion kWh, 172 billion lower than production. China, which used 5322 billion kWh, had the greatest consumption rate, whereas the Republic of Korea had the lowest with 499.5 billion.