Webster's New World Medical Dictionary

gout, tophaceous
A form of chronic gout that is
characterized by the deposit of nodular masses of
uric acid crystals (tophi) in different soft tissue
areas of the body. Even though tophi are most com-
monly found as hard nodules around the fingers, at
the tips of the elbows, and around the big toe, tophi
nodules can appear anywhere in the body. See also
gout.
gouty arthritis
An attack of joint inflammation
that is due to deposits of uric acid crystals in the
joint fluid (synovial fluid) and joint lining (synovial
lining). Gouty arthritis attacks can be precipitated
by dehydration, injury, fever, heavy eating, heavy
drinking of alcohol, and recent surgery. Intense
joint inflammation occurs when white blood cells
engulf the uric acid crystals, causing pain, heat, and
redness of the joint tissues. The term gout is com-
monly used to refer to these painful arthritis attacks,
but gouty arthritis is only one manifestation of gout.
See also 
gout.
Gower syndrome
See 
syncope, situational.
graft
Healthy skin, bone, kidney, liver, or other
tissue that is taken from one part of the body to
replace diseased or injured tissue removed from
another part of the body. For example, skin grafts
can be used to cover areas of skin that have been
burned.
graft-versus-host disease
A complication of
bone marrow transplants in which the donor bone
marrow attacks the host’s organs and tissues.
Abbreviated GVHD. GVHD is seen in cases where the
blood marrow donor is unrelated to the patient or
when the donor is related to the patient, but is not a
perfect match. There are two forms of GVHD: acute
GVHD and chronic GVHD. Both types can vary in the
severity of the symptoms. Acute GVHD typically
occurs within the first 3 months after a transplant
and can affect the skin, liver, stomach, and/or intes-
tines. Chronic GVHD typically occurs 2 to 3 months
after the transplant and causes symptoms similar to
those of autoimmune disorders such as lupus and
scleroderma. Patients may develop a skin rash, hair
loss, dry eyes and mouth, liver damage, and almost
any organ can be affected by chronic GVHD.
Preventive measures include immunosuppressive
drugs such as cyclosporine and methotrexate as well
as techniques to deplete the donor marrow of the T
cells that cause GVHD. Severe GVHD is usually
treated with steroids and sometimes a drug called
antithymocyte globulin.