Variant №1 Read and translate the text on specialty in written form

2. Read and retell the text.
ENGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRIES

English is the language of the people of England. At the same time it is the language of the people of many other countries. About three hundred million people speak English as their mother tongue and hundreds of millions more speak English as their second language.

Many centuries ago English was spoken in England only. Then English was brought to other lands in different parts of the world, lands which were British colonies. There were British colonies in America, Asia, Africa, India, Australia and New Zealand. The English language was first brought to the North American continent by English people in 1607.
Today the largest English – speaking country by land area is Canada, but by far the most English speakers in North America live in the United States. Many islands in the Carribean, south of the United States, also speak English. On the other side of the world, Australia and New Zealand speak English as a native language. English also spoken in India and South Africa, as well as in many other African countries.


3. Make up a story on the theme: “About myself”.
Key words: name, surname, to enter, to finish, good looking, teacher, school.


Head of the department: Muhammadiyeva. O.

VARIANT № 17
1. Read and translate the text on specialty in written form.
Diesel engines
The engine is the power plant of the vehicle. In general, internal-combustion engines are used operating with some fuel (petrol, benzol oil). Depending on their combustion process, the engines are fundamentally classified as carburettor engines and Diesel engines
Sometimes, the carburettor engines are called light-oil engines and the diesel engines are called heavy-oil engines.Another difference results from the working method of the internal-combustion engine. A difference is made between Four-stroke cycle engines and two-stroke cycle engines.
The engine is assembled of various cast pieces: its foundation and main stationary body is formed by the cylinder block with the top portion of the crankcase to which the cylinder heads and the bottom portion of the crankcase are bolted. The crankcase with its main bearing houses the crank-drive assembly, comprising the pistons, the wrist-pins, the connecting rods and the crankshaft. Besides, the valves, valve-operating mechanism with camshaft, control gears and valve tappets, ignition system, carburetor, water pump, fan, fuel feed pump and oil pump are parts of the engine.
Arrangement and number of cylinders in the engine are decisive for its external shape. There are motorcar engines with two, there, four, six, eight, twelve and more cylinders arranged in various forms to each other. In most cases they are arranged in one block (cylinder block).
The chemical energy stored in the fuel is converted into mechanical energy by the expansion of the gases and by the interaction of the various engine components. The piston sliding in the cylinder under the impulse of the expanding gas exerts a pressure and transmits it to the crankshaft via the connecting rod, and converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotating motion of the crankshaft. The pistons are equipped with piston rings for better sealing between pistons and cylinder wall and in order to prevent any seizing of the pistons.