5.Yunon-Baqtrya davlatining vujudga qelishi va uning boshqaruv tizimi.
U l q a n s a l t a n a t g a a s o s s o l g a n A l e q s a n d r M a q e d o n s q i y m i l o d d a n a v v a l g i
3 2 3 yi l d a v a f o t e t a d i . U n i n g v a f o t i d a n q e yi n b e p o yo n d a v l a t u c h q i s m g a :
M a q e d o n i ya , M i s r v a S u r i ya g a b u l i n i b q e t a d i . B u d a v l a t l a r A l e q s a n d r n i n g e n g
ya q i n s a f d o s h l a r i t o m o n i d a n b o s h q a r i l a d i . U z o q d a v o m e t g a n u z a r o
u r u s h l a r d a n q e yi n , m i l o d d a n a v v a l g i 3 1 2 yi l d a l a s h q a r b o s h i l a r d a n b i r i S a l a v q
B o b i l d a v l a t i x u q m d o r i b u l a d i . S a l a v q i yl a r d a v l a t i t a r q i b i g a M e s o p o t a m i ya ,
E r o n , P a r f i ya , N a t r i ya , S u g d i yo n a d a v l a t l a r i q i r g a n e d i .
S a l a v q i yl a r d a v l a t i d a b o s h q a r i s h t i z i m i u c h b u g i n d a n : s a t r a p l a r , e p a r x l a r
v a g i p a r x l a r d a n - i b o r a t b u l g a n . S h u b o i s S a l a v q M a r q a z i y O s i yo ye r l a r i n i
S a l a v q s a t r a p l i q l a r g a b u l i b b o s h q a r a r e d i . U l a r g a u z i g a ya q i n q i s h i l a r d a n
s a t r a p l a r t a yi n l a r d i .
S a l a v q I m i l . a v . 2 9 3 yi l i d a u g ’ l i A n t i o x n i s h a r q i y v i l o ya t l a r : P a r f i ya ,
M a r t e n a , B a q t r i ya , S u g d i yo n a x u q m d o r i q i l i b t a yi n l a yd i . B u x u d u d l a r x a r b i y-
s t r a t e g i q v a i q t i s o d i y a x a m i ya t g a e g a b u l g a n i s a b a b s a v d o yu l l a r i b u yl a b
s h a x a p v a b o s h q a m a n z i l g o x l a r q u r d i r g a n e d i .
A n t i o x I d a v r i d a B a q t r i ya x a yo t i d a d a s t l a b q i t a n g a l a r - q u m u s h , m i s
d r a x m v a t e t r a d r a x m l a r ( p u l b i r l i g i ) z a r b q i l i n g a n . U r u s h l a r t u f a yl i i z d a n
c h i q q a n t u r m u s h S u g d i yo n a , B a q t r i ya v a M a r g i yo n a d a t i q l a i a b o s h l a d i ,
s a v d o - s o t i q d e x q o n c h i l i q , x u n a r m a n d c h i l i q r i v o j l a n a b o s h l a d i . B u x o l
o q i b a t d a S h a r q u G a r b q a r t a s i d a m a d a n i y m u n o s a b a t l a r n i n g r i v o j l a ya i s h i g a
o l i b q e l d i . B u d a v r d a B a q t r i ya d a m a d a n i ya t i d a yu n o n m a d a n i ya t i n i i g t a ’ s i r i
b i r m u n c h a q u c h a yd i .
X u d u d g a
yu n o n
yo z u v i ,
yu n o n
o g i r l i q
u l c h o v
b i r l i q l a r i ,
p u l
m u n o s a b a t l a r i , x u n a r d m a n c h i l i q v a e l l i n s a n ’ a t i q i r i b q e l a d i . M o d d i y v a
b a d i i y m a d a n i ya t , s a v d o v a s h a x a r s o z l i q ya n g n c h a yu n a l i s h d a r i v o j l a n a
b o s h l a yd i . U z n a v b a t i d a , yu n o n l a r m a x a l l i y m a d a n i ya t v a a n ’ a n a l a r n i q u l l a y
b o s h l a g a n l a r . N a t i j a d a a r a l a s h m a d a n i ya t n i n g - yu n o n v a m a x a l l i y s h a r q ,
m a d a n i ya t i n i n i g t a s h q i l t o p i s h j a r a yo n i yu z a g a k e l d i .
Y u n o n - B a q t r i ya d a v l a t i d a x o q i m i ya t p o d s h o x t o m o n i d a n b o s h q a r i l g a n
e d i . D a v l a t b i r n e c h a v i l o ya t l a r g a b u l i n g a n . V i l o ya t x o q i m l a r i e s a p o d s h o x g a
b u ys u n g a n . Y u n o n - B a q t r i ya p o d s h o x l i g i d a v r i d a U r t a O s i yo d a d e x q o c h i l i q ,
x u n a r m a n d c h i l i q v a s h a q a r s o z l i q r i v o j l a n g a n i n i , m a d a n i y x a yo t u s g a n l i g i n i
a r x e o l o g i q t o p i l m a l a r d a n b i l i s h m u m q i n . Y u n o n - B a q t r i ya d a v l a t i d a t a n g a l a r
x u q m d o r
t a s v i r i
b i l a n
z a r b
q i l i n g a n .
T e r m i z ,
T a x t i - S a n g i n ,
D e n o v ,
Q a m p i r t e p a A f r o s i yo b d a n t o p i l g a n y o d g o r l i q l a r b u d a v l a t n i n g i j t i m o i y
m a d a n i y x a yo t d a e l l i n l a r m a d a n i ya t i n i n g s e z i l a r l i t a ’ s i r i b u l g a n l i g i d a n d a r a q
b e r a d i .
O s i yo n i n g
t u b j o y
a x o l i s i
u z l a r i n i n g
q a d i m i y
m a d a n i ya t l a r i ,
a n ’ a n a l a r i g a s o d i q q o l d i l a r . S h u b i l an u l a r e l l i n m a d a n i ya t i n i n g a f z a l
t o m o n l a r i n i q a b u l q i l a d i . Y u n o n - B a q r i y a p o d s h o l i g i d a v r i d a d e ya r l i b a r c h a
v i l o ya t l a r d a i q t i s o d v a m a d a n i ya t yu q s a l a d i .
1 9 3 9 - 1 9 4 0 yi l l a r d a B a q t r i ya n i n g q a d i m g i B e g r a m s h a x r i t e q s h i r i l g a n d a
f i l s u ya g i g a i s h l a n g a n s a n ’ a t a s a r l a r i t o p i o l a n .
1 9 7 8 - 1 9 7 9 yi l l a r d a T i l l a t e p a ( j a n u b i y B a q t r i ya ) d a n 2 5 0 0 0 d o n a o l t i n d a n
i s h l a n g a n b u yu m t o p i l g a n . B u l a r n i n g q o ’ p c h i l i g i Y u n o n - B a q t r i ya d a v r i g a o i d .
1 9 7 2 yi l d a D a l v a r z i n t e p a d a n 3 4 k g t i l l a d a n i s h l a n g a n 1 1 5 t a b u yu m l a r
t o p i l g a n . Y u n o n - B a q t r i ya d a T o s h g a i s h l o v b e r i s h s a n ’ a t i r i v o j l a n g a n .
B a q t r i ya " 1 0 0 0 s h a x a r m a m l a q a t i " d e b yu r i t i l g a n . Y u n o n - B a q t r i ya d a v r i d a
m o d d i y v a m a ’ n a v i y m a d a n i ya t yu q s a q d a r a j a g a q o ’ t a r i l g a n .
M a x a l l i y a x o l i n i n g a n ’ a n a v i y m a d a n i ya t i v a s a n ’ a t i o ’ z i g a x o s
r i v o j l a n i s h d a d a v o m e t i b yu n o n d u n yo s i d a ( e l l i n i z m ) q o ’ z g a t a s h l a n g a n
yu q s a q m e ’ m o r c h i l i q s a n ’ a t i n i o ’ z i d a a q s e t t i r d i . B u r i v o j l a n i s h Q u s h o n l a r
d a v r i d a x a m d a v o m e t d i . Y u n o n - B a q t r i ya d a v r i m a d a n i ya t i S a m a r q a n d
ya q i n i d a g i T a l i b a r z u t e p a l i g i d a n t o p i l g a n . B a q t r i ya S u r x o n d a r yo v i l o ya t i ,
J a n u b i y T o j i q i s t o n , A f g o n i s t o n n i n g s h i m o l i y v i l o ya t l a r i n i t a s h q i l e t g a n .
M i l . a v v . V I I I- V I I a s r l a r d a s h a q l l a n g a n m a d a n i y yu r t d i r . A x a m o n i yl a r
x u q m r o n l i g i d a v r i d a u l a r g a t o b e b u l g a n . U r t a O s i yo d a b i r i n c h i b u l i b Is q a n d a r
q u s h i n l a r i g a b u ys u n g a n . M i l . a v v . I I I a s r d a B a q t r i ya d a , Y u n o n - B a q t r i ya
d a v l a t i t a s h q i l t o p a d i .
M i l . a v v . V I I I- V I I a s r l a r d a b u x u d u d d a Q a d i m g i B a q t r i ya p o d s h o l i g i
t a s h q i l t o p d a i . U z b e q i s t o n d a g i e n g q a d i m g i s h a x a r b u x u d u d d a s h a q l l a n g a n .
Q e yi n Q u s h o n l a r t a r q i b i d a b u l g a n . B a q t r i ya A v e s t o d a B a x d i , B e x i s t u n
yo z u v l a r i d a V a q t r i s h , yu n o n - r i m m a n b a l a r i d a B a q t r i a n a yo q i V a q t r i ya
d e yi l g a n .
T e q s h i r i s h l a r n a t i j a s i d a O l t i n - 1 , O l t i n - 1 0 , B a q t r a ( J a n u b i y B a q t r i ya d a n ) .
S h i m o l i y B a q t r i ya d a n Q u c h u q t e p a , Q i z i l t e p a , T a l a s h g a n t e p a , B a n d i x o n
yo d g o r l i q l a r i t o p i l d i . Q t e s i yn i n g yo z i s h i c h a , ( m i l . a v v . V a s r o x i r i v a IV a s r
b o s h l a r i )
V a q t r i ya
b i l a n
O s s u r i ya g a
i q q i
u r q a c h l i
t u ya l a r d a
l a z u r i t
q a t n a g a n l a r , d e b yo z a d i . Y a n a m i l . a v v . V I I I- V I I a s r l a r d a B a q t r i ya n i n g
q u d r a t i , s h o n - s h u x r a t i , m i n g l a b s h a z a r v a q i s h l o q l a r i , c h o r v a l a r i x a q i d a
yo z a d i .
Mil.av.III asrning o‘rtalarida mustaqil davlat sifatida tashqil topgan parfiya davlat xozirgi
Turqmaniston va Eronning bir qismni o‘z ichiga olgan. Bu davlatning birinchi huqumdori
Arshaq bo‘lib, u mil.av.247 yilda taxtga o‘tiradi. Mil.av.235yildan boshlab Parfiya podsholari
o‘z yerlari hududlarini qengaytirib bordilar. Milodiy III asrning birinchi choragida Sosoniylar
arshaqiylar huqumronligi tugatib, Parfiyada hoqimiyatni qo‘lga oldilar. Antiq davr Parfiyaning
qishloq xo‘jaligida qullar mehnatidan qeng foydalanilgan. Parfiyaliqlarning yozuvi oromiy (niso
hujatlari) yozuvi bo‘lib , ular zardo‘shtiyliq diniga e’tiqod qilishgan.
Nazorat uchun savollar:
1.
Yunon-maqedon davlatining inqirozga yuz tutishi sabablari.
2.
Salavqiylar davlatining tashqil topishi.
3.
Ellin madaniyatining ravnaq topishi.
4.
O’rta Osiyoda mustaqil davlatlarning tashqil topishi
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