Uzbekistan state world languages university

Основы


фонологий.





A certain contribution to thedevelopment of
Phonological typology was made by
N.S.Trubetskoy who is considered the founder of
Typology of Phonological systems. R.Yakobson,
G.Fant, M.Halle also worked in this area. Later
other sides of Phonological typology were
developed by such scientists as Ch. Hockett,
K.Vegelin, T.Milevsky, P.Menzerat, V.Skalichka,
A.Martine, M.I.Lekomtseva, T.J.EUzarenkova,
Abduazizov A. A., G.P.Melnikov,and others.


Major achievements of Phonological typology


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I hr circle of research in Morphological typology is very wide. It compares the

iiiilh of a morphological level. Depending on the character of research the morpho-
lo|l!ciil typology can classify into two types:
У Morphological typology engaged in the morphological classification
til languages;
> Morphological typology engaged in particular questions of grammar,
11 parts of speech and their grammatical categories.
The first one is a continuation of traditional typological classification engaged
In defining language types according to different principles and criteria.
The second type of Morphological typology deals with private/individual
•tilli|ivis of comparison: grammatical categories in various languages, defining ways
ill llielr expression, morphological markers, synonymous relations of affixational
iiiuiphemes and syntactic words (prepositions and postpositions), comparison of
|n Imni y grammatical categories/parts of speech (nouns, adjectives, pronouns, verbs,
itilvcrbs, numerals and others), comparison of grammatical categories of certain
h'slnil and grammatical categories of words (case, number, definiteness, transitivity
llilnmsitivily, time, aspect, causation, mood, modality, etc.). Morphemes may serve
iiiHltir units of measurement in Morphological typology.
Morphological typology compares the specified 1
I'hi'iinmena in the systems of both related and non-


l\ I M.< hikhinan, P.L Garvina and many others.
Syntactic typology engages in acomparison of syntactic level units. The basic units Ini comparison are word-combination and the sentence. Depending on the character ill icienrch Syntactic typology may fall into several sections: comparison of units of *i word-combination, the level of the sentence, as well as comparison of units of unions levels with regards to their syntactic functioning. Syntactic typology imiiilly compares languages on the basis of atransformationalsyntax.
4111, (here is no comprehensive list of topics related to the subject matter of Syn- liii lie typology. Some of them are: definition of the subject-matter and volume of


и Idled languages. The comparison might include
I even ling morphological universal as well as a binary
I tinipnrison of two languages. Morphological typology
lull accumulated a serious bulk of data both for
I I и 11 pi native typology and on separate concrete
liiii|i|inges. Major scholars whb dealt with the issues
hI Morphological typology are RYakobson, L. E
MiiinIcv, L.N.Zasorina, B.A.Uspenskiy,





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Ivan I. Meshchaninov
(1883 Ufa • 1967 Leningrad)


Linguistic
Form


Syntactic typology, elaborationof basic criteria and a meta
language, border lines between syntactic
typology and other branches of Comparative
\ Typology, defining syntactic universal, study
of syntax of world languages (genetically or
structurally related languages), definition of
types of syntactic connection (attributive,
predicative, etc.), definition of sentence types
in languages, basic syntactic categories,
classification of types of languages on the
basis of their syntactic structure and many others.

1.