Sattorova Shahlo (1-bosqich magistranti) The study of the category of modality and its linguistic basis Annotation

Sattorova Shahlo (1-bosqich magistranti)
The study of the category of modality and its linguistic basis
Annotation. This article discusses the study of the category of modality in linguistics and its linguistic basis. There is also a focus on the comparative study of this linguistic concept in the example of two languages.
Keywords: modality, category, universal, meaning, form, objective, subjective, modus, grammatical-semantic, modal types.
There has been a great deal of research in the field of modalism in world linguistics. It is important to study the psycholinguistic and extralinguistic reasons that give rise to this linguistic understanding, their specific aspects, in different aspects, especially in the non-sister English and Uzbek languages.
Modality, writes academician Azim Hojiyev, (Latin modus-inclination) is a grammatical-semantic category that expresses the attitude of the speaker to the idea expressed. The content of the idea can be imagined as real or unreal, fixed, and so on. Modality can be expressed through words, morphemes, prepositions, and intonation.¹
From this point of view, modality can be seen as the basic unit of speech, the most important feature of sentence semantics. Modality is usually understood as a grammatical-semantic category that expresses the attitude of the speaker to the idea expressed, or the attitude of the speaker to the content of the speech. Such an objective reality is perceived by the speaker through evaluation, reflected in his mind, and his attitude to reality through various semantic categories.
In linguistics, there are concepts such as modal category, modal meaning, modal word, modal form. These concepts are described in detail in A. Hojiyev's Glossary of Linguistic Terms (p. 55).
If we interpret the category of direct modality, this category can be considered as a meaning that reflects the relationship of thought to reality and a system of expression of these meanings. The modality category is a universal category, a category specific to all languages, and has long been of interest to linguists and logicians.
This category is a linguistic phenomenon that is closely related to the logical structure of thought. Therefore, this category is at the same time the object of examination of both linguistics and logic.
Linguistically, modality is the most important feature of a sentence, while in logic it is considered an important feature of a sentence in the form of a form of thinking.
The concept of modality has been studied since the time of Aristotle. Aristotle laid the foundation for the development of this category by defining the type of modality categories such as affirmation, denial, possible (probably), necessary. In the East, Abu Nasr al-Forobiy studied the science of logic and its categories, and made an in-depth and consistent analysis of the category of modality. To date, modality has become one of the most relevant and comprehensive concepts of cognitive linguistics.
Scientists who have conducted research in this field: Sh.Balli, V.Admoni, E.Gulga, A.Bushuy, A.Bondarko, V.Panfilov, N.Shvedova, I.Raspapov, T.Leontev, V.Vinogradov, F. Palmer, T.Alisova, G.Zolotova, R.Sbogatov and V.Gaks reveal the essence of the category of modality, as well as, the fact that this linguistic concept is expressed by different means, according to which they are divided into objective and subjective types, modality in speech and speech is the most important sign explained. In Uzbek linguistics, Sh.Rahmatullayev, A.G’ulomov, R.Ikromova, S.Saidov, I.Rasulov, G’.Zikrillayev, Y.Pinxosov, R.Komiljonova, A.Hojiyev, A.Ahmedov, J.Yoqubov va M.Jo`rayeva approached the category of modality from different angles and expressed their views.
In particular, M.M Jo’rayeva in her doctoral dissertation revealed the linguocognitive, national and cultural features of the category of modality in bilingual French and Uzbek fairy tales.² Her research quoted the theoretical views of many scholars and expressed his personal views on them. In particular, V. Gak's modality is divided into three stages: 1) according to the nature of reporting - declarative; 2) by the nature of knowledge of reality - reliability and probability; 3) according to the nature of the relationship - confirms the opinion about this category, citing the existence of such species as necessary.
He also studies the category of modality from the English point of view, substantiating the ideas of J. Muir, who singled out the subtleties of modal meaning in the section on modality. In linguistics, theoretical views on the relationship between modus and dictum within grammatical categories were first expressed by the French scholar Sharle Balli.³ F. Bruno, Y. Wolf, E. Benvenist, J. Dubois, and B. Potels, who continued his ideas, also put forward their views and ideas on the issue of mode and dictation.
According to scholars, modus is derived from the Latin word "modus", which means image, method, form, and Latin "dictum", which means "spoken thought". V.G.Gak comments on this issue: "dictum" - reflects the reality, modus - the attitude of the speaker to reality.⁴
At the forefront of modern linguistics is the study of the relationship between language, culture, and the individual, rather than the understanding of language. Therefore, this approach is important in the study of the national and cultural identity of the language. Therefore, the role of language and culture in our study of the category of modality is invaluable. This is one of the important factors in the development of the science of linguoculturology.
Thus, there is a wide range of possibilities in the category of modality, and the fact that this category is a general linguistic phenomenon suggests that its study is important for understanding the essence of the laws of language. In the process of studying the category of modality, it was found that it can be divided into 4 semantic groups. The existence of the concepts of modus and dictum in the study of the category of modality, dictum - reflects reality, and modus represents the attitude of the speaker to reality, linguistics shows the interdependence of the categories of modality, modus and dictum.

1^ Hojiyev A. Lingvistik terminlarning izohli lug’ati. –T: 1985. –B.55.

2^ Jo’rayeva M.M. Fransuz va o’zbek ertaklarida modallik kategoriyasining lingvokognitiv, milliy-madaniy xususiyatlari. Doktorlik diss.avtoreferati. -T: 2007. -B.-96.

3^ Balli Sh. Язык и жизнь. – М: 2003. –С.44-45.

4^ Gak V.G. Теоритическая грамматика французкого языка. Морфология. –М:1986. –С.312.