|
CHAPTER 2. FORMS OF COMMUNICATION
2.1 Verbal communication
Verbal communication - communication through words or speech
Verbal communication is divided into oral and written :
Table 2. 1
Type of communication
|
Basic communication methods
|
Oral
|
Conferences, reports, meetings, group discussion
|
Written
|
Letters, reports, written reports, orders
|
A necessary condition for successful communication is the ability to speak. The ability to speak, or oratory, was taught in antiquity, when the ability to speak was mandatory for every educated person and testified to the level of thinking of the interlocutor or interlocutors .
Another condition for successful verbal communication is the ability to listen. The idea that “ listening ” and “ hearing ” is not the same thing is fixed in Russian by the very factor of having different words to indicate effective and ineffective listening 4.
Inability to listen is the main reason for ineffective communication, it often leads to misunderstandings, mistakes and problems. Despite the apparent simplicity (some people think that listening is just keeping quiet) listening is a complex process that requires significant psychological energy, certain skills and a general communicative culture .
In the literature, two types of listening are distinguished - non-reflective and reflexive .
Non-reflective listening is the ability to be silent, without interfering in the interlocutor’s speech with his comments. Hearing of this kind is especially useful when the interlocutor shows such feelings as anger or grief, wants to express his point of view, wants to discuss sensitive issues. Answers at the non-reflexive hearing should be minimized, such as " Continue " , " interesting " and so on. D .
In business, as in other communication, a combination of non-reflexive and reflective listening is important .
Reflective listening is the process of deciphering the meaning of messages. Reflective answers help to clarify the real meaning of messages , among which are clarification, rephrasing, reflection of feelings, and summarizing .
There are rules for successful verbal communication. German philologist, researcher Gisbert Bruening identified nine rules for the favorable conduct of speech communication .
1 . Understanding the statement is related to the construction of the sentence. Long sentences make it difficult to understand, as they are complex and grammatically unclear. To understand them, a partner needs a lot of focus and attention. In addition, they make it difficult to understand the issue; meaning is often lost in subordinate clauses.
2 . Short sentences (8-15 words) consist of complete thoughts. These are accurate and effective statements. Short sentences are always clear.
3. Voice is the most powerful persuasion tool. The expressiveness of the voice is perceived by the partner not so much as the mind, but as a feeling. The voice causes sympathy or antipathy. The monotony of speech is often the cause of failure in business communication.
4. Pauses interrupt the flow of speech. They also perform psychological functions: increase attention, calm, emphasize what has been said and help make a break.
5 . The quality and quantity of the vocabulary reinforce the influence of the utterance. Passive vocabulary (words that can be used in memory) is depending on education from 3000 - 5000 words. An active dictionary (words used in spontaneous speech) consists of 3,000 -12,000 words.
6. It is recommended to use verbs rather than nouns in speech. Verbs give the statement visualization, nouns - for the most part, semantic meaning, which is often abstract .
7. A verb becomes more alive if an active form is used in a statement rather than a passive one. For example , " I invited him " , rather than " He was invited by me ."
8. The wording “ According to this, you can understand that ... ” , as well as statements containing large numbers, act remotely and impersonally . Subjunctive such as " I would say ... " , " I would have thought ... " , " I have to ... " - it expresses a decisive act, but rather creates a distance between the interlocutors.
9. A serious problem arises when the partner does not fully understand or otherwise interpret the meaning of the word or statement that was enclosed. The partner either expands or narrows the meaning of the spoken word. The more abstract the concept, the more meaningful it can be interpreted. Often it is necessary at the beginning of the conversation and explain to the interlocutor what should be understood by this or that concept.
Thus, the main goal of verbal communication is the ability to speak. In order for communication to be effective, it is important to be able to listen to the interlocutor. The timbre of the voice, pauses, vocabulary affect the communication and in contact with the interlocutor should pay great attention to them.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
