Uzbekistan state university of world languages the first english language faculty the department of english phonetics and phonology

2.2.STYLISTIC SEMASIOLOGY OF THE ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES

Semasiology is a branch of linguistics which studies semantics or meaning of linguistic units belonging to different language levels.¹³
    Lexical semasiology analyses the meaning of words and word combinations, relations between these meanings and the changes these meanings undergo.
    Stylistic semasiology is concerned only with those semantic relations and changes which form the basis of EM and SD.
The subject-matter of stylistic semasiology is stylistic semantics, i.e. additional meanings of a language unit which may be given rise to by:
1)    the unusual denotative reference of words, word-combinations, utterances and texts (EM); or
2)    the unusual distribution of the meanings of these units (SD).
    Semasiological EM arefigures of substitution, i.e. different means of secondary nomination. The latter is based on the usage of existing words and word-combinations to denote new notions or to give a new name to the already known objects.
    Secondary nomination is not completely arbitrary, it is carried out according to certain principles or rules. Most commonly the transfer of a name occurs: 1) on the basis of similiarity or likeness (real or imaginary) of two objects belonging to different areas of reality, which are regarded as such due to individual or collective perception (rat-spy, rabbit- coward);
2) on the basis of contiguity or some logical (usually objective) relations or associations between different objects (chicken – food, hat – man in a hat).
    Figures of substitution are secondary nomination units which either exist in the language as a system or are formed in speech on the basis of recurrent patterns. Secondary nomination units or tropes stand in paradigmatic (synonymic, or rather homofunctional) relations to corresponding primary nomination units. They are marked members of stylistic oppositions because they have connotations or additional stylistic meanings. Figures of substitution in English can be presented in the following table: