Understanding Psychology (10th Ed)

R E C A P / E V A L U A T E / R E T H I N K
K E Y T E R M S 
R E C A P 
How are extremes of intelligence characterized?
• The levels of mental retardation (or intellectual disability) 
include mild, moderate, severe, and profound retardation. 
(p. 295)
• About one-third of the cases of retardation have a known 
biological cause; fetal alcohol syndrome is the most 
common. Most cases, however, are classifi ed as familial 
retardation, for which there is no known biological 
cause. (p. 296)
• The intellectually gifted are people with IQ scores greater 
than 130. Intellectually gifted people tend to be healthier 
and more successful than the nongifted. (p. 297) 
How can we help people reach their full potential?
• Advances in the treatment of people with mental 
retardation include mainstreaming, the integration of 
individuals with mental retardation into regular education 
classrooms as much as possible (along with some partici-
pation in segregated special education classes); and full in-
clusion, in which all students, even those with the most 
severe educational disabilities, are fully integrated into 
regular classes (and separate classes are avoided). (p. 296)
E VA LU AT E
1. The term mental retardation is applied specifi cally to people 
with an IQ below 60. True or false?
2.
is a disorder caused by an extra chromosome 
that is responsible for some cases of mental retardation.
mental retardation (or intellectual disability) p. 295
fetal alcohol syndrome p. 296
familial retardation p. 296
intellectually gifted p. 297
3.
is the process by which students with mental 
retardation are placed in normal classrooms to facilitate 
learning and reduce isolation.