Chapter X
Principle 7
Retention
Don’t Fill a Leaky Bucket
Memory is the residue of thought.
—Daniel Willingham, cognitive psychologist
I
n the small Belgian city of Louvain-la-Neuve, Nigel Richards has just won
the World Scrabble Championships. On its own, this isn’t too surprising.
Richards has won a championship three times before, and both his prowess
with the game and his mysterious personality have made him something of a
legend in competitive Scrabble circles. This time, however, is different:
instead of the original English-language version of the famous crossword
game, Richards has won the French World Championship. This is a much
harder feat: most English dictionary versions have roughly 200,000 valid
word entries; French, with its gendered nouns and adjectives and copious
conjugations, has nearly double that with around 386,000 valid word forms.
1
To pull off such a feat is quite remarkable, even more so due to one simple
fact: Richards doesn’t speak French.
Richards, an engineer born and raised in Christchurch, New Zealand, is an
unusual character. With his long beard and retro aviator sunglasses, he looks
like a cross between Gandalf and Napoleon Dynamite. His skills at Scrabble,
however, are no joke. A late starter to the game, his mother encouraged him
to start in his late twenties, saying “Nigel, since you’re no good at words, you
won’t be good at this game, but it will keep you occupied.”
2
From those
inauspicious beginnings Richards has gone on to dominate the competitive
Scrabble scene. Some people even argue that he may be the greatest player of
all time.
In case you’ve been living under a rock, Scrabble is based on forming
crosswords. Each player has seven letter tiles, drawn from a bag, with which
to form words. The catch is that the words must link up with the words
already on the board. To be a good player requires a voluminous memory, not
only of the words we use every day but of obscure words that are useful
because of their length or the letters they contain. A decent casual player
quickly learns all the valid two-letter words, including unusual ones such as
“AA” (a type of lava) and “OE” (a windstorm in the Faroe Islands). To
perform at tournament level, however, requires memorizing nearly all of the
short words, as well as longer seven- and eight-letter words, since if a player
uses up all seven tiles in one turn, there is an extra fifty-point bonus (or
“bingo,” in Scrabble jargon). Memory, however, isn’t the only skill needed.
Like other competitive games, tournament Scrabble uses a timing system, so
skilled players must not only be able to construct valid words from a
scrambled set of tiles but quickly find spaces and calculate which words will
score the most points. In this regard, Richards is a master: given the tiles
CDHLRN and one blank (which can be used for any letter), Richards ignored
the obvious CHILDREN and instead linked up multiple crosswords to make
the even higher scoring CHLORODYNE.
Richards’s virtuosity is only intensified by the mystery that surrounds it.
He is quiet and mostly keeps to himself. He refuses all interviews with
reporters and seems completely uninterested in fame, fortune, or even
providing explanations for how he does it. A fellow competitor, Bob Felt,
bumping into Richards at a tournament noted his monklike serenity, telling
him “When I see you, I can never tell whether you’ve won or lost.” “That’s
because I don’t care” was Richard’s monotone response.
3
Even his competing
in Belgium, which briefly pulled him into the international media spotlight,
was done as an excuse to do a cycling trip through Europe. In fact, prior to
his victory, he had spent only nine weeks preparing. After he beat a
Francophone player, Schelick Ilagou Rekawe from Gabon, in the final match,
he was given a standing ovation but needed a translator to thank the audience.
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