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4. Deprivation –
потеря, утрата, лишение
5. Self expression –
самовыражение
6. Wants –
потребности
7. Demand –
спрос
8. Purchasing power –
покупательная способность
9. Willingness –
готовность
10. Tangible –
материальный
11. Intangible –
нематериальный
12. Exchange –
обмен
13. Profit –
выгода
14. Appropriate –
соответствующий
3. Read the text 6B, translate it and compare your ideas in ex.1
with the facts.
Basic Concepts Underlying Marketing.
NEEDS
The core concept of marketing is to understand or feel the ―human needs‖ that denotes
the state of felt deprivation. Therefore being the marketers you
need not go for inventing these needs. Rather you should try to
understand it. The need for food, clothing, shelter and safety are
the basic physical needs and the needs of belongingness and
affection are the social needs. The individual needs include the
need for knowledge and self expression.
WANTS
Human wants are desires for specific satisfaction of deeper
needs that means the needs
become wants when they are directed to specific object that might
satisfy the need. Human needs may be few, but their wants are
numerous. These wants are continually
shaped and re-shaped by
social forces and institutions such as families, colleagues, neighbours
etc. Marketers can influence the wants and suggest and inform the
consumers about certain products and persuade them to purchase
these by stressing the benefits of such products.
http://interactioninstitute.org/wp-conte
http://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/my-wants
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DEMANDS
People may have almost unlimited wants.
But resources are
limited in compare to the wants they have. Therefore they have to choose
the products that are likely to provide the most value and satisfaction for
their money. When backed by purchasing power, wants become demand.
Thus, demands are basically wants for specific products that are linked
/associated with the ability and willingness to pay for these products.
PRODUCTS
To satisfy the wants and needs of people the company must offer their products in the
market. That means people purchase the products to satisfy their needs and wants. Specifically, a
product
can be defined as an object, service, activity, person,
place, organization or idea. You can note here that the
tangible items are known as product while the intangible
items are known as service.
EXCHANGE
We have already got that marketing takes place only when people decide to satisfy needs
and wants through exchange. So in the process of marketing there is exchange value between the
two party‘s i.e buyer and seller. The value for buyer is to obtain the
desired object to satisfy its needs and wants while the value for the
seller is generally the profit or the money. Kotler (1984)
states that
for exchange to take place, it must satisfy five conditions, namely:
1. There are at least two parties.
2. Each party has something that might be of value to the
other party.
3. Each party is capable of communication and delivery.
4. Each party is free to accept or reject the offer.
5. Each party believes it is appropriate or desirable to deal with the other party.
(Source:http://www.kkhsou.in/main/EVidya2/electronics/basic_marketting.html
)
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