Учебное пособие для студентов очной формы обучения направлений подготовки


vertical, six are horizontal, and one is diagonal



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posobie english for economists posl

vertical, six are horizontal, and one is diagonal. 
















































































































































 
1. ______________________ 
5. ______________________ 
9. ______________________ 
2. ______________________ 
6. ______________________ 
10. _____________________ 
3. ______________________ 
7. ______________________ 
11. _____________________ 
4. ______________________ 
8. ______________________ 
 
 
Text 6B 
1. Before you start.

What kind of needs do you have? 

Do wants always satisfy needs? 

What are the main concepts of marketing? 
2. Read the words and learn them by heart. Make up your own sentences with them. 
1. Needs – 
потребности,
 
нужды
 
2. Core concept – 
основное понятие 
3. To denote – 
обозначать 


85 
4. Deprivation – 
потеря, утрата, лишение
 
5. Self expression – 
самовыражение
 
6. Wants – 
потребности 
7. Demand – 
спрос
 
8. Purchasing power – 
покупательная способность
 
9. Willingness – 
готовность
 
10. Tangible – 
материальный
 
11. Intangible – 
нематериальный
 
12. Exchange – 
обмен 
13. Profit – 
выгода 
14. Appropriate – 
соответствующий 
 
3. Read the text 6B, translate it and compare your ideas in ex.1 
with the facts. 
Basic Concepts Underlying Marketing. 
NEEDS 
The core concept of marketing is to understand or feel the ―human needs‖ that denotes 
the state of felt deprivation. Therefore being the marketers you 
need not go for inventing these needs. Rather you should try to 
understand it. The need for food, clothing, shelter and safety are 
the basic physical needs and the needs of belongingness and 
affection are the social needs. The individual needs include the 
need for knowledge and self expression.
WANTS
Human wants are desires for specific satisfaction of deeper needs that means the needs 
become wants when they are directed to specific object that might 
satisfy the need. Human needs may be few, but their wants are 
numerous. These wants are continually shaped and re-shaped by 
social forces and institutions such as families, colleagues, neighbours 
etc. Marketers can influence the wants and suggest and inform the 
consumers about certain products and persuade them to purchase 
these by stressing the benefits of such products. 
 
http://interactioninstitute.org/wp-conte 
 
http://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/my-wants
 


86 
DEMANDS
People may have almost unlimited wants. But resources are 
limited in compare to the wants they have. Therefore they have to choose 
the products that are likely to provide the most value and satisfaction for 
their money. When backed by purchasing power, wants become demand. 
Thus, demands are basically wants for specific products that are linked 
/associated with the ability and willingness to pay for these products.
PRODUCTS
To satisfy the wants and needs of people the company must offer their products in the 
market. That means people purchase the products to satisfy their needs and wants. Specifically, a 
product can be defined as an object, service, activity, person, 
place, organization or idea. You can note here that the 
tangible items are known as product while the intangible 
items are known as service. 
EXCHANGE
We have already got that marketing takes place only when people decide to satisfy needs 
and wants through exchange. So in the process of marketing there is exchange value between the 
two party‘s i.e buyer and seller. The value for buyer is to obtain the 
desired object to satisfy its needs and wants while the value for the 
seller is generally the profit or the money. Kotler (1984) states that 
for exchange to take place, it must satisfy five conditions, namely: 
1. There are at least two parties. 
2. Each party has something that might be of value to the 
other party. 
3. Each party is capable of communication and delivery. 
4. Each party is free to accept or reject the offer. 
5. Each party believes it is appropriate or desirable to deal with the other party. 
(Source:http://www.kkhsou.in/main/EVidya2/electronics/basic_marketting.html


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