Transitive and intransitive verbs (o’timli va o’timsiz fe’llar)

2. Gaplarda egalik olmoshlari, otlardagi qaratqich kelishigi (apostrof-‘s) va than (-ga qaraganda) so’zidan keyin hamisha gerund keladi: My reading is better than your reading. Mening o’qishim sening o’qishingdan yaxshiroq. Karim’s writing is beautiful. Karimning yozuvi chiroyli. It is better to go home than going to the cinema.

3. Gaplarda biror ish-harakatni qay usulda bajarganlikni aytish uchun “by” (orqali) predlogidan keyin Gerund ishlatiladi: The thief ran away by breaking the a kitchen window. O’g’ri oshxona derazasini sindirib qochib ketdi.

Ham Infinitive ham Gerund ishlatiladigan holatlar

1. Quyidagi beshta fe’ldan keyin agarda to’ldiruvchi kelmasa Gerund (-ing) ishlatiladi, agar to’ldiruvchi kelsa “to”li infinitive ishlatiladi: advise-maslahat bermoq, recommend-tavsiya qilmoq, encourage-ruxlantirmoq, allow-ruxsat bermoq, permit-ruxsat bermoq:

The doctor recommended staying in bed. Doktor to’shakda qolishni tavsiy qildi.

The doctor recommended me to stay in bed. Doktor menga to’shakda qolishni tavsiy qildi.

I don’t allow smoking in my room. Men xonamda chekishga ruxsat bermayman.

I don’t allow him to smoke in my room. Men unga xonamda chekishga ruxsat bermayman.