"To be" and its functions. "To have" and its functions

8. When releasing the nuclear energy in a gram of helium it is possible to produce 190,000 kilowatt-hours of electric energy.
9. When comparing elements one notices the outstanding stabi­lity of some electronic structures.
10. Thermionic emission is the name given to that branch of physics which deals with the emission of electrons or ions from metals or non-metals, when heated.
11. Einstein, when proposing the theory of light quanta in 1905, did not state that it represents an absolute truth.
12. One short pulse of light, emitted as a parallel beam, when focused by a lens, carries sufficiently concentrated energy.
13. It is of great importance when working with any optical instrument to know its resolving power.
14. Later, when dealing with alternating electric currents which can be defined as a form of wave motion, we will be meeting the word "phase".
15. The fact that long-lived radioisotopes continually emit energy leads to the interesting possibility of developing an energy source that can operate for long periods when completely isolated.


XVI. Translate the sentences with the Nominative Absolute Participle Clause:


1. The Earth's orbit being an ellipse (not a circle), the distance between the Earth and the Sun constantly changes as the Earth revolves around the Sun.
2. The 100-inch telescope can photograph about 100 million stel­lar systems, each containing many thousands of million stars.
3. The components of the velocity of a body moving in the air being known, the resultant velocity may be found.
4. The Earth is not a perfect sphere, but a little flattened at the poles, the polar diameter being 26 miles less than equatorial.
5. The distance between Jupiter and the Earth varies because of the different orbital periods of these two bodies, the difference between the maximum and minimum distances being the diameter of the Earth's orbit.