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What has been the result of the linear-reductionist approach to planning?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

What has been the result of the linear-reductionist approach to planning?
The dominant approach to urban sustainability has focused on density and form. In particular, it 
has focused on increasing 
residential density
through the manipulation of land uses and zoning, 
although “it is not yet clear exactly which forms are preferable”.
8
The emphasis on form itself reflects 
a social engineering approach to physical design. The bulk of the literature takes a single issue, aerial 
perspective, which, in turn, risks the imposition of simplified physical templates. Trying to bring 
more residents into the city, while allowing more shopping and recreation facilities in the suburbs, 
has created a vicious circle. Densification policies can have outcomes not unlike the monolithic and 
mono-cultural design solutions following WWII that caused so many urban problems in the first 
place [Chapter 12]. Densification can cut off options and inhibit the potential of multifunctional 
natural spaces that could help alleviate urban social and environmental problems. A fundamental 
problem is that residential density, by whatever reductionist measures (eg population or dwellings 
per hectare or floor area per person), is not a good measure of sustainability. It is true, of course, that 
the population density of existing cities often roughly correlates with accessibility to facilities and 
the reduction of private car use.
9
In fact, there are examples of dense urban living where relatively 
strong social bonds and security can be found, despite poverty and unemployment. One such case 
is the (largely single storey) eco-village of Yoff in Senegal. Most agree that this village, with no room 
for cars, works relatively well.
10
There are, however, many countervailing examples of high-density 
urban areas that are characterized by social breakdown, high crime rates and poor health – despite 
relatively high levels of wealth.

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