368
Positive
Development
19 The cost of tree loss in urban areas in the US was $234 million.
20 Means of identifying vacant urban land for development is discussed in Myers, D. and P. Wyatt
(2004) ‘Rethinking urban capacity: Identifying and appraising vacant buildings’,
Building Research
and Information
, vol 32, no 4, pp285–292.
21 See books by Ken Yeang, including Yeang, K. (1999)
The Green Skyscraper: The Basis for Designing
Sustainable Intensive Buildings
, Prestel Verlag, Munich, Germany, and Yeang, K. (2006)
Ecodesign:
A Manual of Ecological Design
, Wiley, London.
22 Osmond, P. (2002) ‘The sustainable landscape’, in J. Birkeland (ed)
Design for Sustainability: A
Sourcebook of Integrated Eco-logical Solutions
, Earthscan, London, p200.
23 Trainer, T. (2002) ‘Limits to growth and design of settlements’, in J. Birkeland (ed)
Design for
Sustainability: A Sourcebook of Integrated Eco-logical Solutions
, Earthscan, London, pp33–36.
24 For a discussion on durability and sustainability, see Mora, E. P. (2007) ‘Life-cycle, sustainability
and the transcendent quality of building materials’,
Building and Environment
, vol 42, no 3,
pp1329–1334.
25 It is recognized that these issues are complex, of course.
See Schmidt, A., A. Jensen, A. Clausen, O.
Kamstrup and D. Pastlehwaite (2004) ‘A comparative life-cycle assessment of building insulation
products made of stone wool, paper wool and flax’,
International Journal of Life-Cycle Assessment
,
vol 9, no 1, pp53–66.
26 Burroughs, S. (2002) ‘Earth building’, in J. Birkeland (ed)
Design for Sustainability: A Sourcebook
of Integrated Eco-logical Solutions
, Earthscan, London, pp193–196.
27 Danenburg, J. (2002) ‘Hemp architecture’, in J. Birkeland (ed)
Design for Sustainability: A
Sourcebook of Integrated Eco-logical Solutions
, Earthscan, London, pp205–208.
28 Storey, J. (2002) ‘Designing for durability’, in J. Birkeland (ed)
Design for Sustainability: A
Sourcebook of Integrated Eco-logical Solutions
, Earthscan, London, pp46–47.
29
St Jacques, L. (2002) ‘Strawbale construction’, in J. Birkeland (ed)
Design for Sustainability: A
Sourcebook of Integrated Eco-logical Solutions
, Earthscan, London, pp197–199.
30 Hawken, P., A. Lovins and H. Lovins (1999)
Natural Capitalism: Creating the Next Industrial
Revolution
, Earthscan, London.
31 Fuad-Luke, A. (2002)
Eco-Design: The Sourcebook
, Chronicle Books, San Francisco, CA; Walker,
S. (2006)
Sustainable by Design
, Earthscan, London; Poole, B. (ed) (2006)
Green Design
, Mark
Batty Publisher, New York.
32 ‘Green scaffolding’ was presented on the Australian TV show ‘The New Inventors. Special: Future
Thinking’ on Wednesday 3 Oct 2007.
33 See Sudin, R. and N. Swamy (2006) ‘Bamboo and wood fibre cement composites for sustainable
infrastructure regeneration’,
Journal of Materials Science
, vol 41, no 21, pp6917–6924.
34 For a discussion on health impact assessment (HIA), see Greig, S, N. Parry and B. Rimmington
(2004) ‘Promoting sustainable regeneration: Learning from a case study in participatory HIA’,
Environmental Impact Assessment Review
, vol 24, no 2, pp255–267.
35 Personal communication from Graham Treloar. See also Crawford, R. and G. Treloar (2005) ‘An
assessment of the energy and water embodied in commercial building construction’,
4th Australian
LCA Conference
, Australian Life Cycle Assessment Society (ALCAS), Sydney, Australia.
36 Means of reducing radon in buildings are available on the web: for example www.ccohs.ca/
oshanswers/phys_agents/radon.html; www.doh.state.fl.us/environment/community/radon/
dcastdrd.htm.
37 Crowley, M. (1995) ‘Homes for the Earth: site sourcing of building materials’, in J. Birkeland (ed)
Catalyst 95: Rethinking the Built Environment
, conference proceedings, University of Canberra,
Canberra.
369
Notes
38 Cusack, V. and L. Yiping (2002) ‘Bamboo as a building resource’, in J. Birkeland (ed)
Design for
Sustainability: A Sourcebook of Integrated Eco-logical Solutions
, Earthscan, London, pp201–204.
39 Monocultural farming systems can use more energy to produce food than the food itself provides
(it can take ten calories to produce one calorie of food). Monocultural systems can also deplete
topsoil at an alarming rate (it takes two kilograms of topsoil to produce one kilogram of corn).
See Kimbrell, A. (ed) (2002)
Fatal Harvest: The Tragedy of Industrial Agriculture
, Island Press,
Washington, DC.
40 The world mines 139 million tons of phosphate rock and 26 million tons of potash a year.
41 For more on organic materials studies, see Harris, C. and P. Borer (2005)
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